Annex WiFi RDS Help Version 1.48
<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>ANNEX WI-FI RDS</b></p> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a name="_dck62oxq5qfh"></a><b>User Manual</b></p> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a name="_tpyvchrbcnbj"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>Version 1.48</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>© ciccioCB 2023</span></b></p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:30.0pt;line-height:115%'>COPYRIGHT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Annex firmware including the AnnexToolKit and this manual are Copyright 2017-2020 by Francesco Ceccarella (ciccioCB).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The compiled object code (the .bin file) for the Annex firmware is free software: you can use or redistribute it as you please except for commercial purposes. <span style= 'background:white'>It is not allowed to distribute or embed it into products that are sold or for any other activity making or intended to make a profit.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The compiled object code (the .exe file) for the AnnexToolKit utility is free software: you can use or redistribute it as you please except for commercial purposes. <span style='background:white'>It is not allowed to distribute or embed it into products that are sold or for any other activity making or intended to make a profit.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even</p> <p class="MsoNormal">the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This manual is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 France license <a href= "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or redistributions of the Software in any form.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:125%'> <b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:125%'>License and credits</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit BNO055 Orientation Sensor library is written by KTOWN is Copyright (c) Adafruit Industries. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>TFT_eSPI display Library is Copyright © 2017 Bodmer. It is released under FreeBSD license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit NeoPixel library is Copyright (c) Adafruit. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Makuna/NeoPixelBus library is Copyright © by Michael C. Miller. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit PWM Servo Driver Library is Copyright (c) Adafruit. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Arduino Library for Dallas Temperature ICs is Copyright (c) Miles Burton <miles@mnetcs.com>. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>OneWire Library is Copyright 1999-2006 Dallas Semiconductor Corporation and Copyright (c) 2007, Jim Studt.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit DHT Humidity & Temperature Sensor Library is Copyright (c) Adafruit. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP8266 and ESP32 Oled Driver library is Copyright (c) 2016 by Daniel Eichhorn and Copyright (c) 2016 by Fabrice Weinberg. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP8266Ping is Copyright (c) Daniele Colanardi. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP AsyncTCP library is Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP AsyncWebServer library is Copyright (c) 2016 Hristo Gochkov. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>IRremoteESP8266 library is Copyright (c) Sebastien Warin, Mark Szabo, Ken Shirriff, David Conran. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>uRTCLib is Copyright (c) 2015 Naguissa (naguissa.com@gmail.com). It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>BME280 library is written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. It is released under BSD license,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>APDS9960 library is written by Shawn Hymel for Sparkfun Electronics. It is released under Beerware license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>PID Library is written by Brett Beauregard (br3ttb@gmail.com). It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>MQTT library pubsubclient is Copyright (c) 2008-2015 Nicholas O'Leary. It is released under MIT license</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>MFRC522 library is written by Miguel Balboa.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The Javascript Editor EditArea is Copyright © 2008 Christophe Dolivet. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The base of the interpreter comes from the original project "MiniBasic" by Malcom Mclean.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The MFRD522 library is written by Miguel Balboa and is released as free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:125%'> <b><span style= 'font-size:18.0pt;line-height:125%'>Contributions</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A very big thank you to Robin Baker (Electroguard) for his great involvement in the project by supporting all the tests on the real hardware (bought with his money), and all the advices that allowed me to add a lot of functionality, not to mention the Huge work he did while documenting the project on the website.</p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'>Content :</span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639385">Introduction: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>18</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639386">Interpreter: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>19</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639387">Branch labels<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>20</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639388">Variables: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>20</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639389">Arrays: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>21</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639390">Scope of the variables: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>22</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639391">Bases of the language<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>23</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639392">OPERATORS AND PRECEDENCE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>23</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639393">Basic internal keywords: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>24</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639394">IF command : <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>24</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639395">FOR loop<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>25</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639396">WHILE WEND loop<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>26</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639397">DO LOOP loop<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>26</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639398">SELECT CASE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>27</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639399">GOTO<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>28</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639400">GOSUB<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>28</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639401">DATA<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>28</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639402">END<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>29</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639403">EXIT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>29</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639404">SUB<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>30</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639405">Logical / boolean Operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>31</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639406">ERRORS HANDLING<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>32</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639407"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>ONERROR ABORT</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639408"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>ONERROR IGNORE</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639409"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>ONERROR SKIP [nn]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639410"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>ONERROR CLEAR</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639411"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>ONERROR GOTO [label | OFF]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639412"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRLINE</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639413"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRNUM</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639414"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRMSG$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>33</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639415">HOW the interpreter works with the HTML code and Objects : <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>34</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639416">HTML Objects<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>38</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639417">TIMERS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>43</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639418">EVENTS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>43</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639419">Button Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>43</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639420">OnHtmlChange Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639421">OnHtmlReloadEvent <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639422">OnInfrared Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639423">OnSerial Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>44</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639424">OnSerial2 Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>45</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639425">OnTouch Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>45</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639426">OnUDP Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>45</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639427">OnWgetAsync Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>46</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639428">OnUrlMessage Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>46</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639429">OnEspNowMsg Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639430">OnEspNowError Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>49</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639431">OnMQTT Event <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>50</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639432">WiFI CONNECTIONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>50</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639433">PROGRAM AUTORUN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639434">RECOVERY MODE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>52</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639435">WATCHDOG TIMER<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>53</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639436">DATE - TIME timekeeper <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>54</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639437">Unix Time functions<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>54</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639438">SPIFFS File System<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>55</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639439"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = FILE.COPY(filename$, newfile$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639440"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = FILE.DELETE(filename$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639441"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = FILE.EXISTS(filename$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639442"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = FILE.RENAME(oldname$, newname$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639443"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = FILE.SIZE(filename$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639444"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>Ret$ = FILE.DIR$(path$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639445"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>Ret$ = FILE.READ$(filename$, [line_num] | [start, length])</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639446"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>FILE.APPEND filename$, content$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639447"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>FILE.SAVE filename$, content$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>56</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639448">I/O BUFFERS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>57</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639449">Read Operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>59</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639450">Write Operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>59</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639451">Special operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>60</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639452">Advanced operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>60</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639453">Bit operations<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639454">Buffer copy<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639455">Code examples : <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>61</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639456">DIGITAL I/O<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>63</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639457">PIN INTERRUPTS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>65</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639458">Analog input <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>65</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639459">Hardware interfaces: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>66</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639460">PWM<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>66</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639461">SERVO<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>66</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639462">COUNTERS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>67</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639463">PID controllers<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>68</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639464">I2C BUS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>70</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639465"><b>PCF8574 Module</b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>71</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639466"><b>ADS1115 Module</b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>72</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639467"><b>MCP23017 Module</b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>75</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639468">SPI BUS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>76</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639469"><b>74HC595 Module</b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>77</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639470"><b>MCP23S17 Module</b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>78</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639471">LCD DISPLAY USING I2C<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>80</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639472">OLED DISPLAY<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>84</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639473">ST7920 LCD DISPLAY<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>86</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639474">RTC module<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>88</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639475">PCA9685 (PWM / Servo) Module<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>89</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639476">TM1637 display module<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>91</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639477">TM1638 display module<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>93</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639478">MAX7219 8-Digits 7-segment display<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>94</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639479">MAX7219 Dot Matrix Display<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>95</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639480">NeoPixel WS2812B led strips<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>98</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639481">NeoPixel based WS2812b Dot Matrix DIsplay<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>99</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639482">TFT DISPLAY ILI9341<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>103</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639483">TouchScreen<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>107</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639484">TFT DISPLAY ST7735<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>107</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639485">INFRARED INTERFACE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>112</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639486">ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR HC-SR04<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>115</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639487">DHT xx Temperature / Humidity Sensors<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>116</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639488">DS18B20 Temperature Sensors<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>118</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639489">BNO055 Absolute Orientation Sensor <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>119</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639490">BME280 Combined humidity and pressure sensor <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>121</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639491">APDS9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>123</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639492">RFID MFRC522 RFID cards reader <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>125</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639493">Writing NUID for <span style= 'background:white'>UID changeable card (4 byte UID version)</span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>129</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639494">AC LIGHT DIMMER<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>129</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639495"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>DIMMER.SETUP pin_in, pin_out, [,invert [,swap]]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639496"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>DIMMER.DELAY uSec</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639497"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>DIMMER.LIMITS min, max</span></b><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639498"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>DIMMER.BRIGHTNESS val</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639499"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>DIMMER.STOP</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>130</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639500">SONOFF B1 LAMP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>131</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639501"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>SONOFFB1.INIT</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>131</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639502"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>SONOFFB1.RGB r, g, b</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>131</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639503"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>SONOFFB1.RGB color</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>131</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639504"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>SONOFFB1.WHITE cold, warm</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>132</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639505">TUYA RGBCW LAMP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>132</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639506"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>TUYALAMP.INIT [max_current_RGB, max_current_WHITE]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>132</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639507"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>TUYALAMP.RGB r, g, b</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>133</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639508"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>TUYALAMP.RGB color</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>133</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639509"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>TUYALAMP.WHITE cold, warm</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>133</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639510">FTP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639511"><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.FTP$</span><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>134</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639512">Server data requests (GET and POST) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>135</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639513">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WGET$(server$, port, [,header])</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639514">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WGET$(url$ [,header])</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639515">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WPOST$(server$, body$, port [,header])</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639516">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WPOST$(url$, body$ [,header])</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639517">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WGETASYNC[(] server$, port, [,header [,ping]] [)]</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639518">-<span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style='font-family:Consolas'>WGETASYNC[(] url$, [,header [,ping]] [)]</span><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>136</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639519">MQTT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>137</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639520"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Setup(server$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639521"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Fingerprint(fingerprint$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639522"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Connect(login$, pass$ [id$])</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639523"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Connect("", "", [id$])</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639524"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Disconnect[()]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639525"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Publish(topic$, message$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639526"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Subscribe(topic$ [,Qos])</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639527"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.UnSubscribe(topic$)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639528"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Connected[()]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639529"><b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>Ret = MQTT.Status[()]</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>139</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639530">ESP-NOW<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>141</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639531">TELEGRAM (messenger) support <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>151</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639532">PEEK and POKE FUNCTIONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639533"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.PEEK(addr)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639534"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.PEEK16(addr)</span></b><span style= 'color: windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639535"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.PEEK8(addr)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639536"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.POKE addr, data</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639537"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.POKE16 addr, data</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639538"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.POKE8 addr, data</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>153</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639539">CONVERSION FUNCTIONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>154</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639540"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>CONVERT.DEGC_TO_F(degC)</span></b><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639541"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>CONVERT.F_TO_DEGC(degF)</span></b><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639542"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>CONVERT.TO_IEEE754(num)</span></b><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639543"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>CONVERT.FROM_IEEE754(iee754_bin)</span></b><span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639544"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>CONVERT.MAP(number, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639545">BAS CONSTANTS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>155</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639546"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.VER</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639547"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.VER$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639548"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRLINE</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639549"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRNUM</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639550"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.ERRMSG$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639551"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.FILENAME$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639552"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.RTCMEM$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639553"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.SSID$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639554"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.PASSWORD$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639555"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.LOAD</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>156</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639556"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>BAS.RESETREASON</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>157</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639557">OPTION COMMANDS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>157</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639558"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.CPUFREQ 80|160</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639559"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.MAC mac$</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639560"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.LOWRAM memory</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639561"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.PWMFREQ freq</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639562"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.NTPSYNC</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639563"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.WDT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>timeout_msec</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639564"><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>OPTION.WDTRESET</span></b><span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639565">FUNCTIONS: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639566">NUMERICAL FUNCTIONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>158</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639567">ABS(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639568">ACOS(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639569">ADC<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639570">APDS9960.SETUP (mode) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639571">APDS9960.READGESTURE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639572">APDS9960.AMBIENT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639573">APDS9960.RED<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639574">APDS9960.GREEN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>159</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639575">APDS9960.BLUE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639576">APDS9960.PROXIMITY<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639577">APDS9960.GESTUREGAIN (gain) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639578">APDS9960.GESTURELED (intensity) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639579">ASC(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639580">ASIN(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639581">ATAN(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639582">ATAN2(x, y) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639583">BAS.VER<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639584">BAS.ERRLINE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>160</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639585">BAS.ERRNUM<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639586">BME280.SETUP(address) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639587">BME280.ALT(qnh) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639588">BME280.HUM<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639589">BME280.QFE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639590">BME280.QNH(altitude) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639591">BME280.TEMP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639592">BNO055.SETUP( address) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639593">BNO055.HEADING<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639594">BNO055.PITCH<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639595">BNO055.ROLL<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>161</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639596">BNO055.VECTOR ( param, axis) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>162</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639597">BNO055.CALIB [(param)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>162</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639598">CINT(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>162</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639599">CONVERT.DEGC_TO_F(degC) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639600">CONVERT.F_TO_DEGC(degF) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639601">CONVERT.TO_IEEE754(num) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639602">CONVERT.FROM_IEEE754(ieee754_bin) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639603">CONVERT.MAP(number, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639604">COS(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639605">COUNTER.COUNT (cnt) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639606">COUNTER.FREQ (cnt) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639607">COUNTER.PERIOD (cnt) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639608">DATEUNIX(date$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639609">DHT.TEMP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639610">DHT.HUM<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639611">DHT.HEATINDEX<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>163</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639612">DISTANCE(pin_trig, pin_echo) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639613">EMAIL from$, to$, subject$, message$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639614">ESPNOW.ADD_PEER(MAC_add$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639615">ESPNOW.BEGIN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639616">ESPNOW.DEL_PEER(MAC_add$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639617">ESPNOW.STOP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639618">ESPNOW.WRITE( msg$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639619">ESPNOW.WRITE( msg$,MAC_add$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639620">EXP(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639621">FIX(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639622">FILE.COPY(filename$, newfile$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639623">FILE.DELETE(filename$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>164</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639624">FILE.EXISTS(filename$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639625">FILE.RENAME(oldname$, newname$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639626">FILE.SIZE(filename$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639627">FLASHFREE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639628">FUSION.ANGLE(axis) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639629">INSTR([start], string$, pattern$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639630">I2C.LEN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639631">I2C.READ<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639632">I2C.READREGBYTE (i2c_address, register) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>165</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639633">I2C.END<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639634">INT(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639635">LEN(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639636">LOG(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639637">MILLIS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639638">MQTT.Setup(server$ ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639639">MQTT.Fingerprint(fingerprint$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639640">MQTT.Connect(login$, pass$, [id$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639641">MQTT.Connect("", "", [id$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639642">MQTT.Disconnect[()] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639643">MQTT.Publish(topic$, message$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639644">MQTT.Subscribe(topic$ [,Qos]) <span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>166</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639645">MQTT.UnSubscribe(topic$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639646">MQTT.Connected[()] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639647">MQTT.Status[()] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639648">NEO.GETPIXEL(pos) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639649">NEO.RGB(R, G, B) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639650">PI <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639651">PID1.COMPUTE( current_value, target_value) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639652">PIN(pin_number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>167</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639653">PING(host$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639654">POW(x, y) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639655">RAMFREE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639656">RND(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639657">SERIAL.LEN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639658">SERIAL2.LEN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639659">SGN(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639660">SIN(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639661">SPI.BYTE(byte) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639662">SQR(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639663">TAN(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639664">TFT.RGB(r,g,b) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639665">TIMEUNIX(time$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>168</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639666">TM1638.BUTTONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639667">TOUCH.X<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639668">TOUCH.Y<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639669">VAL(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639670">WIFI.CHANNEL<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639671">WIFI.MODE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639672">WIFI.NETWORKS ( network$ ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639673">WIFI.RSSI <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>169</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639674">WIFI.STATUS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>170</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639675">WORD.COUNT( string$ [,delimiter$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>170</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639676">WORD.FIND( string$, find$ [,delimiter$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>170</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc4"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639677">STRING FUNCTIONS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>171</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639678">BAS.ERRMSG$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639679">BAS.FILENAME$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639680">BAS.FTP$( host$, login$, password$, file$, folder$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639681">BAS.PASSWORD$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639682">BAS.RTCMEM$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639683">BAS.SSID$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639684">BAS.VER$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639685">BIN$(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639686">BUTTON$(name$, label [, id] ) <span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639687">CHECKBOX$( variable [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639688">CHR$(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>172</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639689">CSSID$(object_id, object_style) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639690">DATE$[(format)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639691">ESPNOW.ERROR$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639692">ESPNOW.READ$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639693">ESPNOW.REMOTE$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639694">FILE.DIR$[(path$)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639695">FILE.READ$(filename$,[line_num] | [start, length]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639696">HEX$(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639697">HtmlEventButton$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639698">HtmlEventVar$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639699">IMAGE$(path [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>173</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639700">IMAGEBUTTON$(path, label [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639701">IP$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639702">IR.GET$[ (param) ] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639703">JSON$(string$, field$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639704">LCASE$(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>174</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639705">LED$(variable[$] [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639706">LEFT$(string$, num) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639707">LISTBOX$(variable$, "option1, option2, option3, ..." [, height] [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639708">METER$(variable, min, max [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639709">MID$(string$, start [,num]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639710">MAC$[ (id) ] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>175</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639711">MQTT.Message$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639712">MQTT.Topic$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639713">OCT$(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639714">PASSWORD$(variable [, id] ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639715">REPLACE$(expression$, find$, replacewith$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639716">RIGHT$(string$, num) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639717">RTC.DATE$[(format)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639718">RTC.TIME$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639719">SERIAL.CHR$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639720">SERIAL.INPUT$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639721">SERIAL2.CHR$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639722">SERIAL2.INPUT$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>176</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639723">SLIDER$(variable, min, max [,step] [,id]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>177</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639724">SPACE$(number) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>177</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639725">SPI.STRING$(data$, len) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>177</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639726">SPI.HEX$(datahex$, len) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>177</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639727">STR$ (number [,format$ [,toint]]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>178</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639728">STRING$(num, char$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639729">TEMPR$(pin_number [,ID]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639730">TEXTAREA$(variable [, id] ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639731">TEXTBOX$(variable [, id] ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639732">TRIM$(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639733">TIME$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639734">UCASE$(string$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639735">UDP.READ$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>180</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639736">UDP.REMOTE$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639737">UNIXDATE$(value [,format]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639738">UNIXTIME$(value) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639739">URLMSGGET$ ([arg$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639740">WGET$( http_server$, port [,header] ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639741">WGET$( url$, [,header] ) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639742">WGETRESULT$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639743">WPOST$(server$, body$, port [,header]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>181</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639744">WPOST$(url$, body$, [,header]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639745">WORD$(string$, position [,delimiter$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639746">WORD.DELETE$(string$, position [delimiter$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639747">WORD.EXTRACT$(string$, lead$, trail$) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639748">WORD.GETPARAM$( setting$, parameter$ [,separator$]) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639749">COMMANDS: <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>182</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639750">AUTOREFRESH interval <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639751">BAS.LOAD filename$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639752">BAS.RTCMEM$ = val$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639753">CLS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639754">CSS style_code$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639755">COMMAND cmd$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639756">COUNTER.RESET cnt <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639757">COUNTER.SETUP cnt, pin [,mode] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>183</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639758">CSSEXTERNAL file$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639759">DATA const1 [,const2] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639760">DHT.SETUP pin, model <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639761">EMAIL.SETUP server$, port, user_name$, password$ [, debug] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639762">EMAILASYNC from$, to$, subject$, message$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639763">FILE.APPEND filename$, content$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639764">FILE.SAVE filename$, content$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639765">FUSION.INIT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>184</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639766">FUSION.MADGWICK ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>185</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639767">FUSION.MADGWICK ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>185</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639768">FUSION.MAHONY ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639769">FUSION.BETA =<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639770">FUSION.ZETA =<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639771">FUSION.KI =<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639772">FUSION.KP =<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639773">HTML code$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639774">I2C.SETUP sda_pin, scl_pin [,freq [,stretch]] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639775">I2C.BEGIN address<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>186</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639776">I2C.END<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>187</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639777">I2C.REQFROM address, length<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>187</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639778">I2C.READREGARRAY i2c_address, register, nb_of_bytes, Array() <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>187</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639779">I2C.WRITE value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>187</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639780">I2C.WRITEREGBYTE i2c_address,register, value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>188</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639781">I2C.WRITEREGARRAY i2c_address, register, nb_of_bytes, Array() <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>188</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639782">INPUT.TIMEOUT timeout <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>188</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639783">INPUT["prompt$";] variable<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>188</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639784">INTERRUPT pin_no, {OFF | label} <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>188</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639785">IR.INIT pin_rx | OFF [, pin_tx] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639786">IR.SEND type, code$, bits<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639787">JSCALL javaCode$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639788">JSCRIPT script$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639789">JSEXTERNAL file$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639790">LCD.INIT address, cols, rows<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639791">LCD.CLS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639792">LCD.CUSTOM char, array() <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639793">LCD.PRINT x, y, text$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>189</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639794">LCD.WRITE char <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639795">LOCAL var1 [,var2], ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639796">MAXDISPLAY.SETUP CS_pin<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639797">MAXDISPLAY.PRINT msg$ [,‘brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639798">MAXSCROLL.SETUP nb_devices, CS_pin [,reverse] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639799">MAXSCROLL.PRINT msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639800">MAXSCROLL.NEXT msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639801">MAXSCROLL.SHOW pos [, brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639802">MAXSCROLL.SCROLL [brightness] <span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>190</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639803">MAXSCROLL.OSCILLATE [brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639804">NEO.PIXEL led_pos, R, G, B [, disable] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639805">NEO.PIXEL led_pos, COLOR [, disable] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639806">NEO.SETUP [nb_led] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639807">NEO.STRIP led_start_pos, led_end_pos, R, G, B [, disable] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639808">NEO.STRIP led_start_pos, led_end_pos, COLOR [, disable] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639809">NEOSCROLL.SETUP nb_devices, pin [,serpentine] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639810">NEOSCROLL.PRINT msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639811">NEOSCROLL.NEXT msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639812">NEOSCROLL.COLORS col$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>191</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639813">NEOSCROLL. NEXTCOLORS col$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639814">NEOSCROLL.SHOW pos [, brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639815">NEOSCROLL.TEXT msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639816">NEOSCROLL.SCROLL [‘brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639817">NEOSCROLL.OSCILLATE [‘brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639818">OLED.CLS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639819">OLED.INIT orientation [,model] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639820">OLED.REFRESH fmt <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>192</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639821">OLED.COLOR color <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639822">OLED.PIXEL x, y<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639823">OLED.LINE x1, y1, x2, y2<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639824">OLED.RECT x,y, width, height [,fill] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639825">OLED.CIRCLE x, y, radius [, fill] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639826">OLED.FONT font_num<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639827">OLED.PRINT x, y, text$ [background] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639828">OLED.IMAGE x, y, image$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>193</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639829">ONERROR ABORT or ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP [nn] or ONERROR CLEAR or ONERROR GOTO label <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639830">ONESPNOWERROR [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639831">ONESPNOWMSG [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639832">ONGESTURE [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639833">ONHTMLCHANGE [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639834">ONHTMLRELOAD [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639835">ONINFRARED label <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639836">OnMQTT label <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639837">ONSERIAL [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639838">ONSERIAL2 [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639839">ONTOUCH [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>194</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639840">ONUDP [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639841">ONURLMESSAGE [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639842">ONWGETASYNC [label | OFF] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639843">OPTION.CPUFREQ 80|160<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639844">OPTION.MAC mac$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639845">OPTION.LOWRAM value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639846">OPTION.PWMFREQ value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639847">OPTION.NTPSYNC<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639848">OPTION.WDT timeout_msec<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639849">OPTION.WDTRESET<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639850">PAUSE delay<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639851">PCA9685.SETUP addr [,freq] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>195</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639852">PCA9685.SETFREQ freq<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639853">PCA9685.PWM pin, value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639854">PID1.INIT Kp, Ki, Kd<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639855">PID1.LIMITS min, max<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639856">PID1.PERIOD msec<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639857">PID1.PARAMS Kp, Ki, Kd<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639858">PID1.SETMODE mode<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639859">PIN(pin_number) = val <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639860">PIN.MODE pin_number, mode [,PULLUP] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>196</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639861">PIN.TONE pin, freq [,duration] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639862">PRINT expression[[,; ]expression] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639863">PRINT2 expression [[,; ]expression] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639864">PWM(pin_number) = value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639865">READ var1 [,var2] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639866">REBOOT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639867">REFRESH<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639868">RESTORE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>197</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639869">RTC.SETTIME Year, Month, Day, Hours, Minutes, Seconds<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639870">SERIAL.BYTE ch1 [,ch2] . . . <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639871">SERIAL2.BYTE ch1 [,ch2] . . . <span style='color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639872">SERIAL.MODE baudrate [, bits, parity, stop] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639873">SERIAL2.MODE baudrate, pin_tx, pin rx [, bits, parity, stop] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639874">SERVO id, value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639875">SERVO.SETUP id, pin_number | OFF<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration: none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639876">SETTIME Year, Month, Day, Hours, Minutes, Seconds<span style= 'color:windowtext; display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>198</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639877">SLEEP value<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639878">SPI.SETUP speed [,data_mode [, bit_order]] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639879">SPI.SETMODE data_mode<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639880">SPI.SETFREQ speed<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639881">ST7920.INIT CS_pin<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639882">ST7920.CLS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639883">ST7920.REFRESH fmt <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639884">ST7920.COLOR color <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>199</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639885">ST7920.PIXEL x, y<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639886">ST7920.LINE x1, y1, x2, y2<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639887">ST7920.RECT x,y, width, height [,fill] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639888">ST7920.CIRCLE x, y, radius [, fill] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639889">ST7920.FONT font_num<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639890">ST7920.PRINT x, y, text$ [background] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639891">ST7920.IMAGE x, y, image$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639892">TM1637.PRINT msg$ [, brightness] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639893">TM1637.SETUP data_pin, clock_pin [, bit_delay] [, display_type]] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639894">TM1638.PRINT msg$ [, brightness ] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>200</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639895">TM1638.SETUP data_pin, clock_pin, strobe_pin<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none; text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639896">TM1638.LEDS val <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639897">TFT.BMP filename$, [x, y [, back_color] ] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639898">TFT.CIRCLE x, y, radius [, fill] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639899">TFT.FILL color <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639900">TFT.INIT CS_pin, DC_pin, orientation [Display_width, Display_height, Variant] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>201</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639901">TFT.LINE x1, y1, x2, y2, col <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639902">TFT.PRINT expression [[,; ]expression] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639903">TFT.RECT x, y, width, height, color [ [,fill] ,[round_radius] ] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639904">TFT.TEXT.COL color [,backcolor] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639905">TFT.TEXT.POS x, y<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639906">TFT.TEXT.SIZE size<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639907">TIMER0 interval, label <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639908">TIMER1 interval, label <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639909">TOUCH.SETUP T_CS_pin<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>202</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639910">TRACE message<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639911">UDP.BEGIN(port) <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639912">UDP.REPLY msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639913">UDP.STOP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639914">UDP.WRITE ip, port, msg$<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639915">URLMSGRETURN msg$ [,content_type$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639916">WAIT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>203</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639917">WGETASYNC [(] server$, port, [,header [,ping]] [)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>204</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639918">WGETASYNC [(] url$, [,header [,ping]] [)] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>204</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639919">WIFI.APMODE SSID$, password$ [, channel] [, IP$ , MASK$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>204</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639920">WIFI.AWAKE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>204</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639921">WIFI.CONNECT SSID$, password$ [, BSSID$] [, IP$ , MASK$ [, GATEWAY$]] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>205</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639922">WIFI.POWER pow<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>205</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639923">WIFI.SCAN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>205</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639924">WIFI.SLEEP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>205</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639925">WLOG expression[[,; ]expression] ... <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>205</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639926">WORD.DELPARAM setting$, parameter$, [,separator$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639927">WORD.SETPARAM setting$, parameter$, value$ [,separator$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>206</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc3"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639928">BASIC KEYWORDS<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>207</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639929">CASE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639930">DIM array(size) [, …] [= init1, init2, …] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639931">DO<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639932">ELSE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639933">END [IF | SELECT | SUB] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639934">ENDIF<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639935">EXIT {DO | FOR | SUB} <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639936">FOR<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639937">GOSUB [label | lab$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639938">GOTO [label | lab$] <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639939">IF<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639940">LET var = expression<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639941">LOOP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639942">NEXT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639943">OFF<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639944">OUTPUT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>208</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639945">PULLUP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639946">REM<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639947">RETURN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639948">SELECT<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639949">SPECIAL<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639950">STEP<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639951">SUB<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639952">THEN<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639953">TO<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639954">UNTIL<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639955">WEND<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoToc5"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href= "start.htm#_Toc148639956">WHILE<span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'> </span> <span style= 'color:windowtext;display:none;text-decoration:none'>209</span></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <span style='color:black'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639385">Introduction:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex WI-Fi RDS (Rapid Development Suite) is a version of the "basic" language developed to run on low cost ESP8266 WIFI devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It takes from the original concept of ESPbasic - which I cooperated on and contributed to in the past - but is a completely re-designed breakaway project designed to offer improved functionality and reliability.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The intention was to create a Basic language for the ESP which complies as much as possible with the original GWbasic / Visual Basic - from which it shares many concepts / ideas / syntax - and also from the excellent project "Micromite" of Geoff Graham.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The base of the interpreter comes from the original project "MiniBasic" by Malcom Mclean.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The text editor comes from the original project "EditArea" by Christophe Dolivet.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Functionalities:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Includes an internal IDE so can be programmed directly using your web browser without any additional utility (even with your phone/tablet).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Syntax highlighting with context sensitive Help</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> A programmable web server including file server</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Supports OTA (over the air) update.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support async events (interrupts, timers, web access, UDP, ….)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Breakpoints, immediate execution of commands, display of variables, single step.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> A basic interpreter with floating point variables (double precision) and string variables, multidimensional arrays (float and string), user defined subroutines.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Access to any available I/O pin for input/output, PWM and Servo.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Errors Handling .</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support TCP (HTTP) GET and POST for communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for UDP for communications.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for sending Emails using SMTP SSL servers</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for AJAX communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for ESP-NOW communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for MQTT communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for FTP communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Accompanying utility suite includes Flasher, File Manager, HTML Converter, Backup/Restore to bin or zip, integrated Serial Port Monitor, OTA (over the air) update server and UDP Console.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> IMU / AHRS Fusion algorithms 6 DOF and 9 DOF (Madgwick and Mahony)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> 4 Channels PID controller</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>The following devices are supported directly with dedicated commands / functions :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> DHT11, DHT21 or DHT22 Temperature / Humidity Sensors</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> DS18B20 Temperature sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> LCD HD44780 with I2C interface module (1, 2 or 4 lines with 16 or 20 chars per line)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> LCD Display based on chipset ST7920 with 128x64 pixels monochrome</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> OLED Display based on chipset SSD1306 or SH1106 with 128x64 pixels monochrome</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TFT Display based on Chipset ILI9341 with 320x240 pixels and 16 bits colors</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TM1637 4 and 6 digits 7-segments display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TM1638 8 digits 7-segments display including 8 leds and 8 buttons</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MAX7219 8 digits 7-segments display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MAX7219 8x8 dot matrix display modules</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Neopixel WS2812 led strips</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Neopixel WS2812 8x8 dot matrix display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> PCA9685 PWM/SERVO module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Infrared interface with many RC protocols (transmission and reception)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> RTC module (DS1307 or DS3231)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> BNO055 Absolute Orientation Sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> BME280 Combined humidity and pressure sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> APDS9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> RFID MFRC522 cards reader</p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639386">Interpreter:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The basic interpreter works by reading a script file saved to the esp local disk filing system (SPIFFS).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In order to use less RAM, the user script is copied from the disk into a dedicated area in the flash memory where it is executed, so only the list of the program lines, the branch labels and the list of the user defined subroutines get loaded into memory.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is slower compared to other approaches, but permits maximum memory to be available for user variables and program use.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Another performance consideration is that the ESP8266 must be capable of executing several activities in the background (web server, file server, ..) so needs sufficient free memory for running such tasks, and those parallel tasks must obviously have an impact on script performance..</p> <p class="MsoNormal">So performance-wise, the interpreter is not particularly fast, but it should be fast enough for most tasks you may require. I tried to run some "1980s BASIC benchmark" taken from "the back shed" forum and I can say that the performance is around 2 to 4 times slower than a micromite @48 Mhz; but (IMHO) that’s not bad considering all the additional connectivity and web functionalities provided by the esp module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Basic program lines :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A typical script line should comply with the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>[label:] command [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Script lines may contain several commands on the same line if separated by the colon character "<b>:</b>".</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>[label:] command1 [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]: command2 [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'> It must be noted that use of several commands on the same line is not recommended and will cause program errors if the line contains GOSUB or user defined subroutine calls.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'> </span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal">All program jumps (eg: GOTO, GOSUB) are referenced by their branch label names - line numbers are not referenced in scripts, they are merely available in the editor as a programming convenience if wished.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE : The gosub and the call to user defined subroutines must be used alone on the script line.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639387">Branch labels</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Branch labels should not be named the same as a command name, and must follow the same format as variables (see below).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A branch label definition must begin the line, and a colon ("<b>:</b>") must terminate the label definition.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Any references to the defined label (GOTOs and GOSUBs etc) do not use a colon.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="a" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse: collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> b</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 20 : c</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 30</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> GOSUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> LABEL1: </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00;background:white'> "Label1"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639388">Variables:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The interpreter has 2 types of variables:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> Floating Point (double precision)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> String</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Floating point variables can store numbers with decimal point; they can also store integer numbers with a precision equivalent to 32bits.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Strings contain sequences of characters (example "my program") and must be terminated by "$".</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strings are not limited in size, they are only limited by the amount of memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE: The string variables cannot contain the character with ASCII code 0 (zero) because it is used internally as an end of string delimiter.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The variables are defined as any name starting with an alpha character (a, b, ..z) followed by any alphanumeric character (a..z, 0..9); it can also include the "_" (underscore).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The case is don’t care, so ‘’Num" is equivalent to "nuM".</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The name length is limited to 31 characters maximum, including the "$" for the strings.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There are no limits in terms of number of variables; the only limit is the RAM memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="a0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>NUM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10.56</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>myString$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"this is My String"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>this_is_my_value$ </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"ESP8266"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>number</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8826621</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Numeric variables and string variables are managed separately so the same name can be used; this means that <b>A</b> and <b>A$</b> are different variables that can coexist at the same time (even if this could lead to confusion).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Constants:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The numeric constants can have the following format :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A = 5 : Z = 1.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>B = 1.23456E5 -> same as 123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>C = 1.23456E+5 -> same as 123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>D = 1.23456E-3 -> same as 0.00123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The string constants are simply defined as a text between quotes:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"This is my string"</span> : B$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"another string"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strings can include the character " (quote) simply typing it two times :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"this is ""MY"" string"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b>|</b> (vertical bar) can also be used as a string literal.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This permit to include the " (quote) easily inside a string constant :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|this is a "string" constant|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The hexadecimal constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&H</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>HABCD -> equivalent of decimal 43981 (hexadecimal constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>HA0 -> equivalent of decimal 160</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The binary constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&B</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>B00000101 -> equivalent of decimal 5 (binary constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>B10000001 -> equivalent of decimal 129</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The octal constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&O</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>O377 -> equivalent of decimal 255 (octal constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>O17 -> equivalent of decimal 15</span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639389"><span style= 'color:#434343'>Arrays</span>:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Arrays are defined using the <b>DIM</b> command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Their names follow the same rules as the regular variables and are followed by parenthesis (brackets) containing the index. The subscript always starts from 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The scope of the Arrays is always global (see next paragraph).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM A(100)</span></b> define a floating point array with 101 elements (index from 0 to 100)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM ABC$(50</span></b>) define a string array with 51 elements (index from 0 to 50)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A(15) = 1234.5678</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>ABC$(49) = "Hi friend!"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The arrays can have up to 5 subscripts (dimensions), examples:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM A(50,50)</span></b> -> create a floating point array with 51*51 elements (2601)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM J$(4, 4, 4)</span></b> -> create a string array with 5 * 5 * 5 elements (125)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>The numerical Arrays are always initialised at 0 with the command DIM.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>The string Arrays are always initialised as null string with the command DIM.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>There are no limits to the number of arrays or their size, the only restriction is the RAM memory available.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The arrays can be re-dimensioned using the same command DIM.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case all the existing elements will maintain the previous value except the new elements that will be initialised at 0 or null string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example :</i></b></p> <table class="a1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00; background:white'> ' all the elements are initialised at 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue; background:white'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00; background:white'> ' print 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue; background:white'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00; background:white'> ' print the same value 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue; background:white'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00; background:white'> ' print 0</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition the elements of the arrays can be initialised with a given value during the command <b>DIM</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 <span style='color:#99CC00'>' set A(0)= 0, A(1)= 1, A(2)=2, ….</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The same can be done with string arrays.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> A$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"zero"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"one"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"two"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"three"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"four"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"five"</span></span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639390">Scope of the variables:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Variables and arrays defined in the main code are global, therefore any variable is accessible from any part of the code after it has been previously defined there.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Variables and arrays defined inside “user defined” subroutine (SUB) are visible only inside that sub and inside all the code called by that subroutine; their content (and their memory space) is removed at the end of the SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The LOCAL command permits defining local variables inside of "user defined" subroutines; this permits to use the same name of an “already existing” variable locally without modifying the original.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As for all the variables defined inside SUB, they will disappear at the end of the subroutine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="a2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> A</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> B</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 20</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> C</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 30</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> mysub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00;background:white'> "Hello"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue; background:white'> PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> A,B, C</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'> mysub</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black;background:white'>a$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF; background:white'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF;background:white'> LOCAL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> A,B</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> A</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> B</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> C</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 789</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> D</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> 8888</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black; background:white'> A$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> SUB</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this example, calling the user-defined subroutine "mysub" will not modify the content of the global variables A and B (defined locally) but will modify the content of the variable C (not defined locally) and the variable D will disappear at the end of the SUB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639391">Bases of the language</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The keywords recognized by the interpreter can be defined into 3 classes:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Operators</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Commands</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Functions</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Operators are symbols that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Commands and Functions both execute an action, but functions also return a data value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> PRINT</span></b>is a command and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> SIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>()</span></b> is a function whereas the ‘+’ in <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> b <span style='color:red'>+</span> 5</span></b> is an operator.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The string functions are always followed by the "<b>$</b>" symbol if they return a string value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition to commands and functions there are all the internal interpreter internal commands that are part of the language itself.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639392">OPERATORS AND PRECEDENCE</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The following operators are available. These are listed in the following tables by order of precedence. Operators on the same line are processed with a left to right precedence.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Arithmetic operators:</p> <table class="a3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>^</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Power</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>* / \ MOD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Multiplication, division, integer division and modulo (remainder of the division)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>+ -</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Addition and subtraction</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Shift operators:</p> <table class="a4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "706" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="155" valign="top" style= 'width:116.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>x << y </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>x >> y</span></b></p> </td> <td width="551" valign="top" style= 'width:413.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>These operate in a special way. << means that the value returned will be the value of x shifted by y bits to the left while >> means the same only right shifted. They are integer functions and any bits shifted off are discarded and any bits introduced are set to zero.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information about the kinds of bitwise shifts, see <a href= "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_shift"><span style= 'color:#00709F'>Bitwise shifts</span></a><span style= 'color:#2A2A2A'>.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Logical operators:</p> <table class="a5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "706" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'><> < > <=</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'> >= =</span></b></p> </td> <td width="552" valign="top" style= 'width:414.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Not Equal, less than, greater than, less than or equal to,</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>greater than or equal to, equal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>AND OR NOT XOR</span></b></p> </td> <td width="552" valign="top" style= 'width:414.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Conjunction, disjunction, negation, Exclusive OR</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">String operators:</p> <table class="a6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'><> < > <=</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'> >= =</span></b></p> </td> <td width="553" valign="top" style= 'width:414.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Not Equal, less than, greater than, less than or equal to,</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>greater than or equal to, equal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>+ &</span></b></p> </td> <td width="553" valign="top" style= 'width:414.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Add strings together</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Bitwise operators:</p> <table class="a7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>AND OR XOR NOT</span></b></p> </td> <td width="551" valign="top" style= 'width:413.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Binary AND, binary OR, binary exclusive OR, binary negation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information about the bitwise operators, see <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style='color:#1155CC'>Bitwise</span></a> <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Operators</span></a></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The operators AND, OR and XOR are integer bitwise operators. For example PRINT (3 AND 6) will output 2.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Expressions beginning with open parenthesis ‘(‘ are always considered numerical but the parser is able to determine if an expression is true or false even if the expression represents a string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Each expression representing a comparison, returns a numerical value of 1 if the expression is true or 0 if false.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>10 = 10</span></b> represents a value of 1 whereas <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>10 = 5</span></b> represents a value of 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The same logic is applied for string expressions where <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"abc" = "abc"</span></b> represents a value of 1 and <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>"abc" = "def"</span></b> represents a value of 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is very useful in the IF command and also in other expressions.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example the following code :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="a8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:black'>A$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas; color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>If</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:black'>A$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas; color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Else</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>End</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Can be replaced by</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639393">Basic internal keywords:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639394">IF command :</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The IF can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>1)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN statement</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>2)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN statement1 ELSE statement 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>3)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.0pt'>Statements</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> ELSE</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.0pt'>Statements</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> END IF</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="a9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> ></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 100</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> THEN</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "a"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> b</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> THEN</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "b"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> ELSE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "a"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> c</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> ></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> d</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> THEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "C"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "is greater"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> ELSE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "D"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "is greater"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' (can also be ENDIF without space between END and IF)</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'>AND</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:red'>OR</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b> keywords can be used between the expressions <b>as long as they are in parenthesis</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>a<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>b<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Or</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>((</span>a<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>b<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>3<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>c <span style='color:red'>=</span> 3<span style='color:#2266FF'>))</span> <span style= 'color:red'>OR</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>d<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The IF can be nested</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>b</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>c</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The “THEN” keyword can eventually be removed, even if this is not recommended.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style= 'color:red'>></span> 100 <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>else</span> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639395">FOR loop</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> loop can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>variable<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>init_value <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>to</span> end_value <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span><span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> value<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>variable</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The ‘step’ value can be positive or negative</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 1, 2, 3, 4, 5</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 3 <span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>3 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> <span style= 'color:red'>-</span>0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> can be used to exit from the loop at any time:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 50</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>10 <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"end of loop"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>New feature</b> : the variable in the <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> statement can be omitted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This means that this program is valid :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639396">WHILE WEND loop</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></span></b> loop can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The loop is iterated as long as the expression is true</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'><</span> 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> i <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 0, 1, 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639397">DO LOOP loop</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style='color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></span></b> can have one of the following 4 syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>DO</span></span></b> can be used to exit from the loop at any time</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> i <span style= 'color:red'>></span>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>Will print 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'>></span> 2 <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>DO</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> i <span style= 'color:red'>></span>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will print 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639398">SELECT CASE</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b>can have the following syntax:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> exp1 <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>,exp2<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span>, ... <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> exp3 <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>,exp4<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span>, ... <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>from <span style='color:#8866FF'>TO</span> to <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> a</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case 1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>2 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 2"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>3 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 3"</span> : <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"can continue on same line"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>4 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 4"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"can continue also on next line"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>5, 6 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 5 or 6"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#FFAA00'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>7 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>TO</span> 10 : <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case 7 to 10"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span>:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case else"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639399">GOTO</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b>can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>LABEL | LAB$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>></span> 5 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span> LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>LABEL1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"This is label1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The goto must be considered as an obsolete command and is provided just for backward compatibility with old style Basic programs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639400"><span style= 'color:black'>GOSUB</span></a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span></b>can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>LABEL | LAB$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The called function must terminate with the command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>></span> 5 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span> LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>LABEL1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"This is label1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639401">DATA</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The command DATA is used to store constant information in the program code, and is associated with the command <a href="https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/READ"><span style= 'color:windowtext; text-decoration:none'>READ</span></a>. Each DATA-line can contain one or more constants separated by commas. Expressions containing variables will be also evaluated here.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The goal of the DATA is to avoid repetitive variable assignation lines, in particular for arrays.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:4.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm;background:white'> <span style='color:black'>The DATA values will be read from left to right, beginning with the first line containing a DATA statement. Each time a READ instruction is executed the saved DATA position of the last READ is advanced to the next value. Strings must be written in quotes like string constants. The command <a href= "https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/RESTORE_(BASIC)"><b><span style= 'color: black;text-decoration:none'>RESTORE</span></b></a> resets the pointer of the current DATA position, so the next READ will read from the first DATA found from the beginning of the program.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:4.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm;background:white'> <span style='color:black'>In case READ uses the wrong variable type the error message "<b>Type mismatch</b>" appears while referring to the line number containing the READ statement that triggered the condition.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">DATA lines may be scattered throughout the whole program code, but for the sake of clarity they would be better kept together at the beginning of the program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:9.5pt; line-height:115%;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The DATA can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>DATA const1 [,const2] …..</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The constants can be Numerical or String.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DATA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 55.88, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"constant"</span>, 99</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> READ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A, B, C$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A, B, C$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example without DATA:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Red"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Green"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>3<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Blue"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Yellow"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Magenta"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Same example but using DATA:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DATA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Red"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Green"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Blue"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Yellow"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Magenta"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i<span style='color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>Read</span> colors$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>i<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i> </i></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639402">END</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Define the end of the program. With this command the program stops.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It can also be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END IF</span></b> -> close the IF command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END SELECT</span></b> -> closes the SELECT CASE command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END SUB</span></b> -> closes the user defined SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639403">EXIT</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Permit to exit from a loop or a user defined SUB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The syntax is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT DO</span></b> -> exit from a DO loop</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> -> exit from a FOR loop</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> -> exit from a user defined SUB.</p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639404">SUB</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Define a user-defined subroutine, which the script can use like a command or function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>User-defined subroutines are effectively additional commands, so cannot be used as branch labels.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Permit to create a user defined command with optional parameters.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The syntax is SUB subname[(arg1 [,arg2] …)]</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The variables are passed by reference; this means that the arguments, if modified inside the subroutine, will modify the original variable. This can be useful to return values from the subroutine (acting like a function).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It is possible to pass arrays using the syntax <b>array_name()</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Using the <b>LOCAL</b> command will permit to define local variables (useful to avoid to modify existing global variables).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 1 : routine cube</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ab" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cube</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>^</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cube 3</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' will print 27</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 2: routine cube with returning argument</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ac" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cube</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x,y</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>^</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' the value is returned using the 2nd argument</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cube 5, ret</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' will print 125</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 3: routine with local variables and returning argument</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ad" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> left_trim</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>s$, ret$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> LOCAL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DO</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> UNTIL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> len</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>s$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mid$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>s$, i, 1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> " "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> THEN</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> LOOP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> ret$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mid$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>s$, i</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> ""</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> FOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> left_trim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> " remove space from left "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, z$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PRINT</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "--"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will print</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As you can see in this example, the variable i in the FOR loop is not modified by the LOCAL variable i in the subroutine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 4: pass arrays</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ae" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> pass_array</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>f</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, c$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>())</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> myArray</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> myArray</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 456</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> f</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, c$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, myArray</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> f</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> c$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "myText"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> alpha</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> beta$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> alpha</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> beta$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "testme"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> Pass_array alpha</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, beta$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> alpha</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, beta$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In this example, the array <b>alfa()</b> is passed locally to the array <b>f()</b> and the array <b>beta$()</b> is passed locally to the array <b>c$()</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Modifying locally these arrays change the value of the original one as their content is passed by reference.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The array “<b>myArray</b>” will disappear at the end of the SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639405">Logical / boolean Operations</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As the numerical variables are stored internally as double precision floating number, it is possible to store numbers with a precision equivalent to 32 bits.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Several boolean operators are available to manipulate these numbers..</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The first operator is the bit shift; it can be shift left <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> <<</span></b> or shift right <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>>></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This operator permit to shift the number of a specified number of positions to left or right.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'><<</span> 3 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' will print 8</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 16</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>>></span> 2 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' will print 4</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The operators <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>AND</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:red'> OR</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> XOR</span></b> are also available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>AND</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 8</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>OR</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 31</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>XOR</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 23</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The unary operator <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>NOT</span></b> is also available. It inverts all the bits from 0 to 1:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> Hex$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:red'>NOT</span> A<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print FFFFFFFF</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For a 32 bits number, assuming 4 bytes ABCD where A is the MSB and D the LSB, the bytes can be extracted as follows :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'color:#222222'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>VAR <span style='color:red'>= &</span>h12345678 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' this is a 32 bits variable</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'color:#222222'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>D = VAR <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>C = (VAR >> 8) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>B = (VAR >> 16) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A = (VAR >> 24) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information, see <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style='color:#1155CC'>Bitwise</span></a> <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Operators</span></a></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639406">ERRORS HANDLING</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex allows to control and manage errors happened during the execution of the code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is managed with the command ONERROR.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command defines the action done when an error occurs and applies to all errors including syntax errors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be used in different ways, as specified in the table below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="af" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>FUNCTIONS / COMMANDS</span></b></p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>DESCRIPTION</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639407"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b></a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>ABORT</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Displays the error message and abort the program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is the normal behaviour and is the default when a program starts running.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639408"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b></a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>IGNORE</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Any error will be simply ignored.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this can make very difficult to debug a program it should be used wisely.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639409"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>SKIP [nn]</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Ignore an error in a number of commands (specified by the number 'nn') executed following this command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">'nn' is optional, the default if not specified is one.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">After the number of commands has completed (with an error or not) the behaviour will revert to ONERROR ABORT.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639410"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b></a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>CLEAR</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Reset the eventual pending error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639411"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>GOTO [label | OFF]</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Jumps to the error handling routine defined by the label.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be removed (hence reverting to ONERROR ABORT) replacing the label with OFF.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using RETURN inside the error handling routine will continue the execution on the line following the error.</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When an error occurs, the following constants are available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="af0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>CONSTANT</span></b></p> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>DESCRIPTION</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639412"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ERRLINE</span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Returns the line number where the error happened. Value of 0 means no error.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>It is reset to 0 with the command ONERROR CLEAR or running the program or with the command ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639413"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ERRNUM</span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Returns a number where non zero means that there was an error.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>It is reset to 0 with the command ONERROR CLEAR or running the program or with the command ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639414"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BAS.ERRMSG$</span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Return a string representing the error message that would have normally been displayed on the console. It is reset to “No Error” running the program or with the command ONERROR CLEAR or ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example of error handling using the command ONERROR GOTO :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Error_Handler</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"start"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this generates a divide by zero error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>space$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>60000</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this generates an out of memory error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>End</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Error_Handler:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error text "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BAS.ErrMsg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error num "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ErrNum</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error line "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ErrLine</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' returns to the line following the error</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639415">HOW the interpreter works with the HTML code and Objects :</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When a client connects to the module using its IP address, the module will redirect automatically to the url ‘/output?menu’, which sends an empty html page present on the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>That page contains a bunch of javascript code permitting to interface the page with the module using javascript.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="676" height="248" id="image43.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image001.gif" alt="image" name= "image43.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This page will automatically open a websocket connection with the module; the "squared led" indicates if the connection was successful (green) or not (red).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A mechanism of ping - pong has been implemented into the javascript in order to hold the connection alive all the time. If the connection is lost, the page will try to reconnect automatically without any manual action.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The button "reconnect" permit to force the reconnection if the automatic reconnection fails.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as the connection is done with the module, the html page is ready to send and receive messages to / from the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Initially the page is empty but its content can be easily filled.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To send HTML code to the page, the command HTML is used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The syntax is : HTML HTML code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example the line</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Hello, world <br>This is my first html content<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will give this result :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="679" height="249" id="image80.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image002.gif" alt="image" name= "image80.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Continuing with the HTML command, the content can be improved :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Textbox: <input type='text'><br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="679" height="249" id="image28.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image003.gif" alt="image" name= "image28.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Continuing again:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button: <button type='button'>Click Here</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:10.5pt; line-height:115%;color:#8D9AA5;background:#ECF0F1'> <img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image82.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image004.gif" alt="image" name= "image82.png" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>All the html code can be combined and sent with just one HTML command; this is much faster:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'>"Hello, world <br>This is my first html content<br>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'>"Textbox: <input type='text'><br>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'>"Button: <button type='button'>Click Here</button>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:black'>a$</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To clear the content of the page, the command is:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="685" height="251" id="image46.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image005.gif" alt="image" name= "image46.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we can try another example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image6.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image006.gif" alt="image" name= "image6.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we will try to style the buttons using css.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This can be done using command CSS CSSID$()</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example the line</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>CSSID$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will give this result :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="683" height="250" id="image48.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image007.gif" alt="image" name= "image48.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Combining with the style for the other button:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image40.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image008.gif" alt="image" name= "image40.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A set of functions is included to simplify the creation of HTML pages as we will see later, so no need to worry if you are not familiar with writing HTML code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we will mention an important ‘event’ that can be used to automatically fill the content of the page each time a client connects to the module : <b><span style='color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This ‘event’ defines a place where the program will jump to as soon as Websocket connection request is accepted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s clarify with an example :</p> <table class="af3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page ‘will jump</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page when the page is reloaded</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'load the page for the first time</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> ‘</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>waiting</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page: ‘place where the page begins</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>be created</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image67.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image009.gif" alt="image" name= "image67.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now try to play with the button "Reconnect"; you’ll see that, at each time the page reconnects to the module, the HTML content is built and sent again. This ensures that each time a client connects to the module it will receive the correct content. At the same time, if other clients are already connected, the content of all the pages will be refreshed simultaneously. This insures a synchronized content between all the clients.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639416">HTML Objects</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As said previously, in order to simplify the creation of HTML pages, there are several functions permitting to generate the html code automatically.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s start with the button.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A button is an object that is used to generate an action each time it is pressed on the web page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The function is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BUTTON$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s explain with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, jump1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="681" height="249" id="image61.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image010.gif" alt="image" name= "image61.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Try clicking on the button then checking the result in the terminal console; the message "Clicked on Button1" will be shown at each click.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="343" height="257" id="image50.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image011.gif" alt="image" name= "image50.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>To style the button, we need to modify the syntax of the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b> command slightly; in fact we need to add another parameter to give the button an ID:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, jump1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#99CC00'>'the same ID is used here</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Clicking on the button now will change its color to red</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image109.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image012.gif" alt="image" name= "image109.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Now we can now introduce the LED object. The LED object is a circle that can be filled in red or green depending on the content of a variable. The function is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>LED$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As usual, let’s start with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'this is the variable associated with the LED. With 0 the led is red, with 1 the led is green</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>LED$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="248" id="image103.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image013.gif" alt="image" name= "image103.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Let’s also add a button :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, jump1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>LED$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' invert the variable</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' refresh (update) the variables between the code and the html</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image19.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image014.gif" alt="image" name= "image19.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Clicking on the button will toggle the led between red and green colors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>REFRESH</span></b> permits to update (synchronize) the variables in the code with the corresponding objects variables on the web page. It should be run each time a variable is modified.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><s>The refresh interval should not be less than 300 milliseconds (otherwise the module will be too busy).</s></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As a simpler alternative, the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>AUTOREFRESH</span></b> will regularly sync the variables.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The command must be run with the desired refresh timing.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>AUTOREFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>500</span></b> will refresh the variables each 500 milliseconds.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>This command does not have the same timing limitation of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>REFRESH</span></b> so the timing can be faster.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, jump1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>LED$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>AutoRefresh</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'sync each 100 milliseconds</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>led</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' invert the variable</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The result will be the same as the previous example.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Now it’s time to introduce another object; the TEXTBOX with the corresponding function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEXTBOX$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The TEXTBOX will display a ‘text box’ on the web page which is linked with a variable. When the variable is modified in the code, the TEXTBOX content will be updated on the web page and vice-versa.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>This will lets us introduce another ‘event’ : the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This ‘event’ defines a branch for the program to jump to whenever a variable is modified inside the web page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As usual, let’s start with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Change me, please"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEXTBOX$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'will jump to Jump1 when a variable changes on the web page</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'print the content of the variable inside the terminal console</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="681" height="249" id="image1.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image015.gif" alt="image" name= "image1.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Try now to change the content of the textbox and press "Enter" on the keyboard.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Let’s see the result in the terminal console:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="682" height="250" id="image3.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image016.gif" alt="image" name= "image3.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="343" height="257" id="image47.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image017.gif" alt="image" name= "image47.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>With the concepts already learned you’ll be able to use the other objects using the similar logic.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to the pages below to understand the syntax of each object.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name= "_Toc148639417">TIMERS</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A timer is an "object" that permits the execution of a particular action at regular intervals.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When the given time expires, the normal execution of the program is interrupted and control is passed to the "timer interrupt routine" until the execution of the return command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the program continues from the point where it has been interrupted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s explain with an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000, mytimer</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>mytimer:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"mytimer "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>time$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Annex WI-Fi Basic implements 2 timers, Timer0 and Timer1.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The Timer0 has a higher priority against Timer1.</p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name= "_Toc148639418">EVENTS</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Many of the actions are not executed directly by basic commands but can be executed as asynchronous events.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>An "event" is simply an action that can be executed when something happens.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example, the pin change interrupts is an asynchronous event as it can happen at any time without user control.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In order to manage the events, a list of commands "ONxxxx" is provided. These commands define the place where the normal execution of the program will branch to when the event occurs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>So, when the "event" happens, the interpreter interrupts the normal execution of the code and "jumps" to the location defined by the corresponding command "ONxxx". As soon as the code associated with the "event" is terminated with the command "return", the execution continues from the previous interrupted location.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639419">Button Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This is a special event that happens every time a<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b> object is clicked in the HTML pages.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When this happens, a special variable <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'> HtmlEventButton$</span></b> is created containing the name of the button that was clicked.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is useful to determine the button within a group of buttons.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s see an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>Button$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"ON"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buttonEvent</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>" "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>Button$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"OFF"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buttonEvent</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buttonEvent</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"You clicked on "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>HtmlEventButton$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639420">OnHtmlChange Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is triggered when an object present in the HTML output page changes its value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is useful to make actions when something changes in the HTML Pages.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When this event happens, a special variable <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> HtmlEventVar$</span></b> is created containing the name of the variable that changed its value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is useful to determine the object that generated the event.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Change me, please"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEXTBOX$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'will jump to Jump1 when a variable changes on the web page</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>text$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'print the content of the variable inside the terminal console</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639421">OnHtmlReloadEvent</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is triggered when a Websocket connection request is accepted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be used to automatically fill the content of the WEB page each time a client connects to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'will jump to Fill_Page when the page is reloaded</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'load the page for the first time</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Fill_Page: </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'place where the page begins to be created</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639422">OnInfrared Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a code is received by the infrared receiver.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to chapter <a href="#_exnbwl5zooat"><span style='color:#1155CC'>INFRARED INTERFACE</span></a> for more details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639423">OnSerial Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a message is received on the serial port.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afe" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Ram Available "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> ramfree</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> onserial</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> rec1<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /> rec1:<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'print serial.</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>input</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> serial.chr$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639424">OnSerial2 Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a message is received on the serial port #2.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> serial2.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 9600, 2, 5</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set serial port #2 to 9600 pin 2 TX, pin 5 RX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Ram Available "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> ramfree</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> onserial2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> rec2<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /> rec2:<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> print serial2.</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>input</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639425">OnTouch Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when the TFT screen is touched.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to the chapter <a href="#_6drx6zc5jca"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>TouchScreen</span></a> for more details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639426">OnUDP Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a UDP message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> udp.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 5001 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the UDP commmunication using port 5001</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> onudp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> goudp<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Write several messages to the port</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <br /> for i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 0 to 100<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> udp.write</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "192.168.1.44"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>, 5001,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Hello "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> str$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> next i<br /> wait<br /> <br /> goudp:<br /> v$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> udp.read$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'receive the UDP data</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> v$<br /> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639427">OnWgetAsync Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a WgetAsync message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is associated with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WGETASYNC</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The goal of the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WGETASYNC</span></b> command is to start a html get request without the module having to wait for the answer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As the answer is async, this command will define the place where the program execution will continue when the message will be received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONWGETASYNC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>answer_done</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>WGETASYNC</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"www.fakeresponse.com/api/?sleep=5"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>, 80</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>0 to 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' a kind of sleep just to demonstrate that the code continue to run</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>answer_done:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>WGETRESULT$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639428">OnUrlMessage Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered as soon as a web client requests for a web page with the url composed with <b><i>http://local_ip/msg?param=value</i></b>.This kind of request is typically called an AJAX request as it permit to exchange in both directions between the client (the web browser) and the server (the ESP module).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In fact, in the url request, the client can send parameters in the form of couples of "param=value" separated by the character "&". For example, if the client want sent 2 parameters, it can send the following request :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i>http://local_ip/msg?param1=value1&param2=value2.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as this message is received by the ESP module, the event OnUrlMessage is triggered; this means that the program will continue from the location defined by the command OnUrlMessage.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as the message is received, the parameters sent by the client can be get with the function UrlMsgGet$ and a message can be sent back to the client with the command UrlMsgReturn.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onUrlMessage</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>urlAjax</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>urlAjax:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"message received "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>" "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>UrlMsgReturn</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Message sent back "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>time$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>ramfree</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now using another web browser window, let’s type the following url :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i>http://esp_local_ip/msg?a=10&b=20</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As you can see in the following picture, the message is received by the ESP module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="621" height="582" id="image5.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image018.gif" alt="image" name= "image5.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>At the same time, the client receive the message sent back from the ESP module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="718" height="261" id="image65.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image019.gif" alt="image" name= "image65.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>If the program is stopped, the module will answer with the message "STOPPED"</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="718" height="256" id="image30.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image020.gif" alt="image" name= "image30.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Now, let’s see a more complete example :</p> <table class="aff3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>cls</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this is the default value for pwm out</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>R</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>G</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>B</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>R</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>G</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>13</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>B</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' these are the sliders</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>""</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|R <input type="range" id="dimmer_R" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>R</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|G <input type="range" id="dimmer_G" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>G</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|B <input type="range" id="dimmer_B" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>B</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|<input type='text' id="txbox" value='---'>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>html</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'this is the javascript "AJAX" code</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|function setPWM() {|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|r=_$("dimmer_R").value;|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|g=_$("dimmer_G").value;|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|b=_$("dimmer_B").value;|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|var xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|xmlHttp.open("GET", "msg?r=" + r +"&g=" + g +"&b=" + b, false);|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|xmlHttp.send(null);|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|r = xmlHttp.responseText;|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|_$("txbox").value = r;|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|return r;}|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this is where the javascript code is inserted into the html</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>jscript</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fun$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'this is where the prog will jump on slider change</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onUrlMessage</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>message:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"r"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"g"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>13</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>UrlMsgReturn</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Open the input page into another window and run the program</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id= "image17.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image021.gif" alt="image" name="image17.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">If you have a ESP-202, you’ll be able to control the color of the RGB led present on the card.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">You’ll see how the exchanges can be fast using AJAX exchanges. This program uses javascript embedded into the code. The javascript works with the function <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>XMLHttpRequest</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A good reference for this function is here <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLHttpRequest"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>AJAX - Send a Request To a Server</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639429">OnEspNowMsg Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a ESP-NOW message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.begin </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' init the ESP-NOW</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onEspNowMsg</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>message</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the place where jump in case of message reception</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> message:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Message Received!"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639430">OnEspNowError Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a ESP-NOW a transmission error occurs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This happens, in particular, when the receiver device has not received the message.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.begin </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' init the ESP-NOW</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.add_peer</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"60:01:94:51:D0:7D"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the MAC address of the receiver</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onEspNowError</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>status</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the place where jump in case of TX error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.write</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"TX message"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' send the message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> status:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"TX error on "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> espnow.error$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' print the error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639431">OnMQTT Event</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is generated when a MQTT message is received</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <table class="aff6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> ....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onmqtt</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> mqtt_msg</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' receive messages from the server</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> mqtt_msg:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "TOPIC : "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mqtt.topic$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "MESSAGE: "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mqtt.message$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639432">WiFI CONNECTIONS</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>At startup, the module tries to connect to the router with the parameters provided in the page “<b>Config</b>”.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>If the connection is unsuccessful, it will default to AP (Access Point) mode .</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>By default, if no parameters are specified into the “Config” page, the module will default to the IP address 192.168.4.1 in AP mode with the SSID composed of ESP(+ mac address).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>If the connection is successful, the module will use the IP address defined in the “Config” page or, if not specified, the IP will be given automatically by the Router DHCP server.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>As soon as the module is connected to the router, it will reconnect automatically if the connection is lost.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>There are several commands / functions available to manage the WIFI.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The first function is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>that permits to get the status of the connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>’ print 3 if connected, 6 if disconnected</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The first useful command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> SSID$</span>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>password$</span> [, <span style='color:#FF5500'>BSSID$</span>] [, <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>IP$</span> , <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>MASK$</span> [, <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>GATEWAY$</span>]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This command allows you to connect to any WIFI network (STA mode) overriding the parameters defined into the’ “Config” page. This function is async so the connection is done in background, while the program continues to run.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Is then possible to check the status of the connection using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "HOMENET"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"MyPassword"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "connecting"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF'>While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>3<span style='color:fuchsia'><br /> </span> <span style='color:blue'>Print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"."</span><span style='color:fuchsia'><br /> </span> <span style='color:blue'>pause</span> 500<span style= 'color:fuchsia'><br /></span><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>wend</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using the optional parameter</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BSSID$</span></b><span style='color:#212121; background:white'>, will enable the connection to a specific WiFi access point.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The BSSID represents the MAC address of the WiFi access point (the router) and it is defined as 6 bytes in hex format separated by colon, i.e.</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>AA:BB:CC:12:34:56</span></b><span style='color:#212121;background:white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>For stand alone configuration or for ESP-NOW applications, there is another command that puts the module in AP mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.APMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> SSID$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>password$</span> [, channel]</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>[, <span style='color:#FF5500'>IP$</span> , <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>MASK$</span>]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The result is immediate and the status can be checked using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.MODE</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>(see below).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The channel is optional and is 1 by default.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>It is eventually possible to control the output power of the module with the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.POWER</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pow</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.POWER</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>5</span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background:white'>’ set the output power at 5 dBm.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The module can also be put in WiFi sleep mode. This mode permits to turn off the WiFi reducing the power requirements of the module; this is very useful for battery oriented applications or for applications where the WiFi is not required.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>To put the module in “modem-sleep”, the command to execute is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.SLEEP</span></b><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The module will stay in that mode until the execution of the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.AWAKE</span></b><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>After this command, the module will reconnect automatically to the router (the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>is not required).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Another function available is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.CHANNEL</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>that shows the current Radio Channel used by the WIFI.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.RSSI</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>is it possible to get the intensity of the signal received (RSSI)</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>It is also possible to scan for the WiFi networks accessible around the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This can be done using the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.SCAN</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>and the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.NETWORKS(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>network$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>Example :</span><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue;background:white'>WIFI.SCAN</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF;background:white'>While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia; background:white'> WIFI.NETWORKS</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121; background:white'>A$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> -</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121; background:white'>1<br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF;background:white'>Wend</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue;background:white'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'> a$</span></b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif; color:#212121;background:white'><br /> <br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The result will be :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Vodaphone, 00:50:56:C0:00:08, -50, 5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Orange, 00:50:56:C0:32:07, -70, 5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Xxxx, 00:50:56:C0:86:CA,-78, 12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>These information represent, in the order :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>SSID, BSSID(mac address), RSSI(signal intensity), Channel Radio</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.MODE</span></b> returns the current mode of the WIFI connection as below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <table class="aff7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="378" style= 'margin-left:62.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>VALUE</span></p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>MEANING</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>0</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in sleep mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>1</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in STATION mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>2</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in AP mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>3</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI in AP+STA mode</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The WIFI in <b>AP+STA</b> mode can be obtained by configuring the module in AP mode and then using the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>in the program.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using a “fake” SSID / password (example</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "A"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>""</span></span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>) can be used to switch the WIFI into the <b>AP+STA</b> mode. This can be useful for mixed ESP32 / ESP8266 ESP-NOW operations.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Another Wifi related command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> OPTION.MAC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> mac$</span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background:white'>that permits to modify the MAC address of the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This is very important for the ESP Now functionality.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> OPTION.MAC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>In addition, the functions</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.SSID$</span></b> <span style= 'color: #212121;background:white'>and</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.PASSWORD$</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>returns respectively the login and the password used for the STATION wifi connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639433">PROGRAM AUTORUN</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">If a program is defined to run automatically (“Autorun File” in the config page), the WiFi connection process is slightly different.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the option “Fast boot” in the config page is selected, the program will be executed immediately and the WiFi will be powered ON after a little delay ( 0.1 sec ).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> WIFI.SLEEP</span></b> is executed during the very beginning of the program ( for example as the first line of the program) the WiFi will be simply disabled without using any power.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This enhances the use of the module in low power applications (i.e. on battery).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The WiFi connection can then be restored later using the commands <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> or <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.APMODE</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the command WIFI.SLEEP is not executed at the beginning of the program, the WiFi connection will be established by default as described in the previous chapter (<b>WiFI CONNECTIONS</b>).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BAS.RESETREASON</span></b> can be used at the beginning of the program to understand the reasons for the restart of the module enabling it to take the appropriate actions.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639434">RECOVERY MODE</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">In case of any IP or Autorun problem preventing the module from being accessed, it is possible to temporarily bypass the IP settings of the module and disable the Autorun file by connecting the serial TX and RX pins together (GPIO1 to GPIO3) during the startup phase (power up).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This could happen if, for example, a wrong IP address has been set.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Doing this action when restarting the module will put it in AP mode with the IP address at 192.168.4.1, just like a module that has not been configured.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A message “Recovery Mode” will be printed on the console, but none of the existing files on the module will be modified, including config.ini.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this mode it will be possible to gain access to the module for changing such correct wrong IP parameters using the configuration page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When the TX/RX link is removed, the module can be rebooted to the configured settings at next restart.</p> <h3><a name="_vldqd18y353d"></a> </h3> <h3><a name="_Toc148639435">WATCHDOG TIMER</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A watchdog timer (or simply a WDT) is an electronic timer that is used to detect and recover from computer malfunctions. During normal operation, the computer regularly resets the watchdog timer to prevent it from elapsing, or "timing out".</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If, due to a hardware fault or program error, the computer fails to reset the watchdog, the timer will elapse and generate a timeout signal. The timeout signal is used to initiate corrective action or actions. The corrective actions typically include placing the computer system in a safe state and restoring normal system operation.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex implements a watchdog timer with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OPTION.WDT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>timeout_msec</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As soon as the watchdog has been defined, the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OPTION.WDTRESET</span></b> must be executed regularly within the defined timeout otherwise the module will reset automatically.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">At the beginning of the program, It is possible to know if the module has been reset by the WDT using the function<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.RESETREASON</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' WDT example</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "reset reason: "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> select</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bas.ResetReason</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "normal startup"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "hardware WDT"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "exception reset"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "software WDT"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "software restart"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 5:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "wake up from deep sleep"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 6:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "external reset"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> select</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> option.WDT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1000</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the WDT at 1 second</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "WDT reset regularly"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 50</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z,</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> option.WDTreset</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "WDT not reset regularly, so should crash after 1 sec"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 50</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z,</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639436">DATE - TIME timekeeper</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The ESP module normally synchronises its date and time from either of two NTP time servers ("pool.ntp.org" and "time.nist.gov"). Optionally an alternative (eg: intranet) time server can be defined using the [CONFIG] page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using these servers the ESP doesn’t require any date/time setting as soon as the timezone is correctly defined into the [CONFIG] page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The timezone is defined as a string like<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3</span></b> that describe how the local time must be managed in terms of time shift and DST (summer / winter time).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#24292E; background:#F6F8FA'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A complete list of timezone strings can be found here : <a href= "https://github.com/nayarsystems/posix_tz_db/blob/master/zones.csv"> <span style= 'color:#1155CC'>https://github.com/nayarsystems/posix_tz_db/blob/master/zones.csv</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#24292E; background:#F6F8FA'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">An internal timekeeper has been included if no time server is available, eg no available internet access.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This timekeeper starts from 01/01/1970 00:00:00 and counts the seconds since the power on of the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If internet connection becomes available later, the internal timekeeper will sync its time with the NTP servers.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The time can be sync with the NTP time server at any moment using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> OPTION.NTPSYNC.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This time and date can be manually set using the command SETTIME.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Syntax is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">SETTIME year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Set the date to 02 September 2017 at 13:58:12</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SETTIME</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>17, 9, 2, 13, 58, 12</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The time and date can also be manually synchronised to the computer using the "Time Sync" button in the File Manager window of the computer utility ‘tool’ if it has a websocket connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>WARNING:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>In both cases of manual setting, the time and date will be reset back to 1970 default at next restart of the module, so will require setting again.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>For more information about the Time Zones and DST, please consult the following page :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a href= "https://www.timeanddate.com/time/map/"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#1155CC'>Time Zone and DST</span></b></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>It is also possible to connect an RTC (DS1307 or DS3231) to the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>See the chapter “</span><a href="#_jke2f4rsdpp"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;color:#1155CC'>RTC Module</span></a><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%'>” for more details.</span></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639437">Unix Time functions</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The following functions utilises the time following the “Unix Time Stamp” format :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DATEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>date$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, <span style='color:fuchsia'>TIMEUNIX</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>time$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>UNIXDATE$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>value [,format]<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span><span style='color:blue'>,</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>UNIXTIME$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span></span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>value</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The “Unix Time Stamp” is a way to track time as a running total of seconds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>This count starts at the Unix Epoch on January 1st, 1970 at UTC.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>Therefore, the unix time is merely the number of seconds between a particular date and the Unix Epoch.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>In synthesys :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DATEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"01/01/18"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns the number of seconds between the 01/01/1970 and the 01/01/2018 (1514764800)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> TIMEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"12:30:55"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns the number of second since midnight (45055)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> UNIXDATE$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"1532773308"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns 28/07/18</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> UNIXTIME$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1532773308<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%'>returns 10:21:48</span></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639438">SPIFFS File System</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> Annex includes a SPIFFS file system hosted on the flash memory chip.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It “emulates” a disk file system enabling to save and load files in a transparent way.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Depending on the size of the flash chip, the following free space is available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="aff9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Flash Chip size</span></b></p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>Free space available</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 1M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'>256 Kb</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 2M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 1MB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 4M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 3MB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 8M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 7MB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 16M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 15MB</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As the SPIFFS has been designed to be very light in terms of resources, it comes with some limitations :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;background:#FCFCFC'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <span style='color:black'>First the SPIFFS does not support directories, it just stores a “flat” list of files. But contrary to traditional filesystems, the slash character '/' is allowed in filenames, so the functions that deal with directory listing (e.g. FILE.DIR$("/website")) basically just filter the filenames and keep the ones that start with the requested prefix (/website/). Practically speaking, that makes little difference though.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;background:#FCFCFC'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <span style='color:black'>Second, there is a limit of 31 chars in total for filenames.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;background:#FCFCFC'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <span style='color:black'>Combined, that means it is advised to keep file names short and not use deeply nested directories, as the full path of each file (including directories, '/' characters, base name, dot and extension) has to be 31 chars at a maximum. For example, the filename /website/images/bird_thumbnail.jpg is 34 chars and will cause some problems if used, for example in FILE.EXISTS() or in case another file starts with the same first 31 characters.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-bottom:10.0pt;text-align:justify;background: #FCFCFC'> <b><span style='color:black'>Warning</span></b><span style= 'color: black'>: That limit is easily reached and if ignored, problems might go unnoticed because no error message will appear at runtime.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>All the file related functions share the same prefix <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>FILE.</span></b> followed by the specific function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="affa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>FUNCTIONS / COMMANDS</span></b></p> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='color:black'>DESCRIPTION</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639439"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.COPY</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$, newfile$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Copy the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b> into the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>newfile$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639440"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.DELETE</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Delete the file specified by <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639441"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.EXISTS</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> if <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b> exists, otherwise returns <b>0</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639442"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.RENAME</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>oldname$, newname$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Rename the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>oldname$</span></b> to <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>newname$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639443"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.SIZE</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns the size of the file (in bytes) if the file exist, otherwise returns -1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639444"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.DIR$</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>path$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Will search for files and return the names of entries found.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>path$</span></b> represents the directory name.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function will return the first entry found.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To retrieve subsequent entries use the function with no arguments. ie, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.DIR$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The return of an empty string indicates that there are no more entries to retrieve.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639445"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas'>Ret$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.READ$</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style='color:blue'>,</span> [line_num] | [start, length]<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></a></h5> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns the content of the file <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Specifying <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>line_num</span></b>, only the corresponding line is read from the file.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>start</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>length</span></b> options are specified, the file is read from the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>start</span></b> position for <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>length</span></b> characters, otherwise the complete file is read in one go</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The line number starts from 1.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_oo49piqecc91"></a><a name= "_Toc148639446"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.APPEND</span></b></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>filename$, content$</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Append the content of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>content$</span></b> to the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the file does not exist, it will be created.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The file can be read back using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.READ$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">File size is only limited by available SPIFFS memory, but the length of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas'>filename$</span></b> is limited to 31 characters including folder and "/" separators</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_Toc148639447"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.SAVE</span></b></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>filename$, content$</span></b></h5> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Save the content of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>content$</span></b> to the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The file can be read back using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.READ$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">File size is only limited by available SPIFFS memory, but the length of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas'>filename$</span></b> is limited to 31 characters including folder and "/" separators</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_cibnhhg525c7"></a> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Examples:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>List all the files in the directory <b><i>/html</i></b></p> <table class="affb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> d$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.DIR$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/html"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> D$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> ""</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:black'> d$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> d$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.DIR$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Wend</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>File operations</p> <table class="affc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> file.save</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "The quick brown fox "</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "exists"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.exists</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> file.append</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "jumps over the lazy dog"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "copy"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.copy</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "rename"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.rename</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "read"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> file.read$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "delete"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.delete</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639448">I/O BUFFERS</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O BUFFER is a functionality that gives the capability to hold and manage binary data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In short the I/O buffer is a block of RAM memory that can be exchanged as a block or read and written byte per byte. It surpasses the limit of the Strings that cannot hold the character ASCII 0 (NUL).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It has a defined length and can be freely dimensioned and cleared.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be used in the code using the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF</span></b> keyword and Annex exposes 5 I/O buffers numbered from 0 to 4.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffers can have any size within the limits of the free RAM memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The main goal of this functionality is to interface with all the functions that require exchanges using binary data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In the current implementation it can be used with :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Files</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Serial Ports</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> SPI</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> I2C</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> UDP</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As it is essentially a block of memory, the first command is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, size<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> that defines its size.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>buff_num</span></b> can span from 0 (first buffer) to 4 (last buffer)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>size</span></b> can span from 0 to the maximum RAM memory available</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 1000<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>'dimension the I/O buffer 0 with 1000 bytes</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffer can be filled with a given set of data directly using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 10<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 5<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> &h12, &hAA, &h50, &O377, &B10101010</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As soon as the buffer is dimensioned, the given amount of RAM is reserved for the buffer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When not required anymore, it can be removed with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> IOBUFF.DESTROY(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DESTROY(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'remove the buffer releasing the memory reserved</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Note : The I/O buffers are automatically destroyed each time the program is run.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is possible to know the size of the buffer using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.LEN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.LEN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'print the length of the buffer</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffer can be read byte per byte using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.READ</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, position<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>position</span></b> can span from 0 (first byte) and the buffer length - 1 (last byte)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.READ</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 4<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>'print the byte 4 from the I/O buffer 0</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color: red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>IOBUFF.READ</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>0, 7<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' read in the variable A the byte 7 from the I/O buffer 0</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffer can be written byte per byte using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.WRITE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, position, value<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>position</span></b> can span from 0 (first byte) and the length - 1 (last byte)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>value</span></b> can span from 0 to 255 (byte)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffers communicate with the other modules using the following syntax:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> xxxx</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'>Receive data in the buffer <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> xxxx</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, start, size<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Transmit (send) data from the buffer <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num</span></b> starting from the position <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>‘start’</span></b> for <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>‘size’</span></b> bytes</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> xxxx</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, start, size<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'>Reply to the sender data from the buffer <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num</span></b> starting from the position <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>‘start’</span></b> for <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>‘size’</span></b> bytes</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Where <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> xxxx</span></b> can be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">UDP</p> <p class="MsoNormal">SERIAL</p> <p class="MsoNormal">SERIAL2</p> <p class="MsoNormal">FILE</p> <p class="MsoNormal">I2C</p> <p class="MsoNormal">SPI</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Detailed syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> UDP.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERIAL.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERIAL2.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> FILE.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, filename$ [, position, nb_of_bytes_to_read]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, address, register, nb_of_bytes_to_read</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, nb_of_bytes_to_read</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> UDP.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, IP$, port</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERIAL.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERIAL2.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> FILE.SAVE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> FILE.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> FILE.APPEND_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, address, register</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> UDP.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span> [,port]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>buff_num_reception<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639449">Read Operations</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The IOBUFFER can be used for sending or receiving data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When used for receiving data, the syntax is always .<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When receiving data, it is not necessary to dimension the buffer before as it will be automatically dimensioned depending on the size of the data received. If the buffer was already containing some data, these will be flushed and replaced by the new data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, the following command receive all the data available from the serial port 2 in the buffer 3 :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SERIAL2</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>3<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command receive the data coming from an UDP connection in the buffer 1:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> UDP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Additionally some other arguments may be required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command read 512 bytes from the file data.bin starting from the file position 123 in the buffer 0:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> FILE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>(0<span style='color:blue'>),</span> “/data.bin”, 123, 512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command read 8 bytes from an I2C device with address 63 from the register 19 in the buffer 4 :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> I2C</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, 63, 19, 8</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command read 32 bytes from the SPI bus in the buffer 2 :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SPI</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.READ_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, 32</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639450">Write Operations</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">When used for sending data, the syntax is always <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> .WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When sending data, it is possible to send the entire buffer or only a part of it.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Specifying the optional arguments start and size it is possible to define the part of the buffer to be sent otherwise, if omitted, the entire buffer will be transferred.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, the following command send 10 bytes from the buffer 1 starting from the position 45 to the serial port :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SERIAL</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 45, 10<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send the complete buffer 1 to the serial port 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SERIAL2</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send 8 bytes from the buffer 2 starting from the position 128 to the SPI bus</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SPI</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, 128, 8<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Additionally some other arguments may be required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send 12 bytes from the buffer 1 starting from the position 64 to the UDP on the address <b>192.168.1.89</b> and port <b>8080</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> UDP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 64, 12<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, “192.168.1.89”, 8080</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send the entire buffer 2 on the same UDP device :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> UDP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>),</span> “192.168.1.89”, 8080</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command write the buffer 1 to the file data.bin</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> FILE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, “data.bin”</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command has the same result and is provided for compatibility with the existing syntax</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> FILE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.SAVE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, “data.bin”</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command appends 36 bytes from the buffer 0 starting from the position 25 to data.bin</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> FILE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.APPEND_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 25, 36<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, “data.bin”</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send the buffer 2 to the I2C device with address 63 and register 19 :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> I2C</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, 63, 19</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The same operation but sending only 4 bytes starting from position 0:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> I2C</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.WRITE_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, 0, 4<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, 63, 19</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639451">Special operations</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The syntax <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> .REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num [, start [, size]]<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> defines some kind of special operations.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, this command send the buffer 0 back to the UDP message original transmitter :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> UDP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is the equivalent of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> UDP.REPLY</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>message$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Optionally it is also possible specify part of the buffer and the destination port 5001 as below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> UDP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 2, 6<span style='color:blue'>)</span>, 5001</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When used with the SPI bus, it enables it to transmit and receive at the same time.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this operation requires 2 buffers, both must be specified.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, this command send the buffer 0 and receive into the buffer 2:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SPI</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0<span style='color:blue'>), (</span>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command send 4 bytes from the buffer 0 starting from the position 89 and receive 4 bytes in the buffer 3:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#CC4125'> SPI</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>.REPLY_IOBUFF(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 89, 4<span style='color:blue'>), (</span>3<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639452">Advanced operations</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">Several other functions / commands are available for advanced users.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These enable bit, string and hex operations</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>conversion from hex string :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.FromHex</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>(buff_num, var$ [, pos]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>var$</span></b> <span style='color:black'>must contain a hex string in the form of "aabbcc1235"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>pos</span></b> <span style='color:black'>is the position where the HEX must be included in the buffer (0 by default)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>A part of the string can be converted in combination with mid$</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>conversion from string:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.FromString(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, var$ [, pos]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>var$</span></b> <span style='color:black'>must contain a text string in the form of "This is a text string"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>pos</span></b> <span style='color:black'>is the position where the HEX must be included in the buffer (0 by default)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>A part of the string can be converted in combination with mid$</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>conversion to hex string:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> A$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>IObuff.ToHex$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>(buff_num, [, start [, size]]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>returns an hex string in the form of "aabbcc1235"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>start</span></b> <span style='color:black'>and <b>size</b> are optional and define the start and length (like MID$ but the 1st byte is 0)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>conversion to string:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> A$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>IObuff.ToString$(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, [, start [, size]]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>returns an hex string in the form of "This is a string"</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>start</span></b> <span style='color:black'>and <b>size</b> are optional and define the start and length (like MID$ but the 1st byte is 0)</span></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639453">Bit operations</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>IObuff.bit(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, position, bit</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>returns the value of the <b>bit</b> of the byte at the <b>position</b> of the <b>buff_num</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>returns 0 or 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.setbit(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, position, bit</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>set the <b>bit</b> of the byte at the <b>position</b> of the <b>buff_num</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.clearbit(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, position, bit</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>clear the <b>bit</b> of the byte at the <b>position</b> of the <b>buff_num</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.togglebit(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>buff_num, position, bit</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>toggle the <b>bit</b> of the byte at the <b>position</b> of the <b>buff_num</b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639454">Buffer copy</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IObuff.copy(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>dest_buff_num [,pos]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> , (source_buff_num, [, start [, size]]</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><span style= 'color:black'>Copy the from source_buff to dest_buff</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>pos</span></b> <span style='color:black'>is the position where the source must be copied in the source (0 by default)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='background:white'><b><span style= 'color:black'>start</span></b> <span style='color:black'>and <b>size</b> define what must be copied (have the same meaning as in</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> .WRITE_IOBUFF</span></b><span style='color:black'>)</span></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639455">Code examples :</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i>UDP - use the remote controller APP for IOS devices (iphone and Ipad)</i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="341" height="190" id= "image56.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image022.gif" alt="image" name="image56.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="affd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' I/O buffers example using the RCWController</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' available in the IOS app store.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' It uses by default the port 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' The APP sends a block of 10 bytes that</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' will be printed in the console on the same line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> udp.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' define the place where jump on message reception</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onudp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' read the incoming data in the buffer 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> udp.read_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> iobuff.len</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "received "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>; size;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> " bytes"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 9</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' read and print 1 byte at the time on the same line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> iobuff.read</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, z</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' print an empty line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i>File read and transfer to the serial port by blocks</i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="affe" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' I/O BUFFERS example using files</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' read a file in blocks of 512 characters</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' and send them to the serial port (print)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> fileName$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/data8.txt"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> block_size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 512</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' size of the block to be read</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> file_size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>fileName$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "File size "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>; file_size</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> file_size</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> file_size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> step</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> block_size</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> file.read_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, fileName$, z, block_size</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' send the block on the serial port (print)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> serial.write_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i>Serial port data logger</i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afff" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' I/O BUFFERS example to create a serial data logger</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' receive bytes from the serial port and</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' write them into the file /mylog.txt</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' all the characters will be recorded</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' including the ASCII 0 (NUL)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> filename$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/mylog.txt"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' define the place where jump on message reception</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onserial</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' waits for 10 millisec giving time to receive all the data</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' read the incoming data in the buffer 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> serial.read_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> iobuff.len</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "received "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>; size;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> " bytes"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' appends the received data to the file</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> file.append_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639456">DIGITAL I/O</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Pin numbers correspond directly to the ESP8266 GPIO pin numbering.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The function of the pin (input / output) must be defined before using the function PIN.MODE as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To define the pin 5 as input :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>5, <span style='color:blue'>INPUT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To define the pin 4 as input with a pullup:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, <span style='color:blue'>INPUT, PULLUP</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To define the pin 2 as output</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, <span style='color:blue'>OUTPUT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i><span style= 'color:#CC0000'>Although pin numbers can be from 0 to 16, gpio pins <b>6 to 11</b> should not be used because they are connected to flash memory chips on most modules. Trying to use these pins as IOs will likely cause the program to crash.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Digital pins 0 to 5 and 12 to 15 can be <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> INPUT</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OUTPUT</span></b>, or <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> INPUT</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> PULLUP</span></b> .</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Pin 16 can be <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> INPUT</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> OUTPUT</span></b>. At startup, all available pins are configured as <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> INPUT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Pins may also serve other functions, like Serial, I2C, SPI.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>These functions are normally activated by the corresponding library.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="440" height="479" id= "image16.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image023.gif" alt="image" name="image16.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; color:#6AA84F'>This diagram shows pin mapping for the popular ESP-12F module.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; color:#6AA84F'>(*) pins not available.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The value from a pîn can read as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>PIN</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>5<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>‘</span></b> <span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>read from pin GPIO5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The pin value can be set as below</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> PIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>‘</span></b> <span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>set 0 on the pin GPIO2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The pin value (0 or 1) can also be easily toggled by subtracting it from 1 (because 1-0=1 and 1-1=0), eg:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> PIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>1 -</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> PIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>‘</span></b> <span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>toggles the value of GPIO2 pin</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As many modules use the NodeMCU pin numbering, please use the table below to find the corresponding reference:</p> <table class="afff0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="306" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#999999;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>NodeMCU and Wemos Pin Reference</span></p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#999999;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>Standard GPIO Reference</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D0</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>16</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D1</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D2</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>4</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D3</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D4</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>2</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D5</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>14</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D6</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>12</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D7</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>13</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D8</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>15</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D9</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>3</p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:17.0pt'> <td width="165" valign="top" style= 'width:123.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:17.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D10</p> </td> <td width="141" valign="top" style= 'width:105.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:17.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>1</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In order to use the Wemos / NodeMcu references, it could be useful to add this code to create the pin constants at the beginning of the program :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;line-height:120%'> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;line-height:120%'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas'>D0<span style='color:red'>=</span>16:D1<span style='color:red'>=</span>5:D2<span style='color:red'>=</span>4:D3<span style='color:red'>=</span>0:D4<span style='color:red'>=</span>2:D5<span style='color:red'>=</span>14:D6<span style='color:red'>=</span>12:D7<span style='color:red'>=</span>13:D8<span style='color:red'>=</span>15:D9<span style='color:red'>=</span>3:D10<span style='color:red'>=</span>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Then refer to the pin constants as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>PIN</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>D1<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> PIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>D3<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The pins GPIO1 (TXD0) and GPIO3 (RXD0) can be used as normal GPIO pins simply declaring them as input or output using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas'><span style='color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></span></b> .</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>However, they can be restored at their normal function using the same command with the keyword <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPECIAL</span></b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, <span style='color:blue'>INPUT </span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' set pin 1 (TX) as input</span><br /> <span style='color:blue'>PIN.MODE</span> 3, <span style= 'color:blue'>OUTPUT</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' set pin 3 (RX) as output</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, <span style='color:blue'>SPECIAL</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' restore the pin 1 as (TX)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>3, <span style='color:blue'>SPECIAL</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' restore the pin 3 as (RX)</span></span></b></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639457">PIN INTERRUPTS</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b>INTERRUPT</b> command permit to trigger an event when the signal on an input pin changes.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The interrupt is triggered BOTH when the signal goes from LOW to HIGH and HIGH to LOW.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afff1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pin.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 12,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> input</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set pin 12 as input</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> interrupt</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 12, change_input </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set interrrupt on pin 12</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /> change_input:<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' if the pin is low, returns back</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "The pin changed to HIGH"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639458">Analog input</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>ESP8266 has a single ADC channel available to users. It can be used to read voltage at ADC pin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>To read the voltage applied at the pin, the function ADC can be used as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:120%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:fuchsia'> ADC</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The voltage range is 0 ... 1.0V and the corresponding range returned by the function is 0 … 1024.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>Some modules (like the NodeMCU) have a voltage divider that modify this range.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>In particular, the NodeMCU have a full scale range of 3.3V.</p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639459">Hardware interfaces:</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The ESP8266 contains several H/W interfaces that can be controlled by Annex WI-Fi Basic using specific commands and functions.</p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639460">PWM</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This functionality permits to control the output duty cycle of any pin, acting like an analog output.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pin can be any available pin and the range of the value can be from 0 to 1023.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, there is no need to configure the pin, the command <b>PWM</b> can be used directly as below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:120%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PWM</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas'>12<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To disable PWM :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:120%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PWM</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:Consolas'>12<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The default PWM Frequency is 1000 Hz but can be changed using the command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OPTION.PWMFREQ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>freq</span></b> where freq can be any value from 1 Hz to 40000 Hz</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b>NOTE :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The ESP doesn't have hardware PWM, so the implementation is by software.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>With one PWM output at 40KHz, the CPU is already rather loaded. The more PWM outputs used, and the higher their frequency, the closer you get to the CPU limits, and the less CPU cycles are available for sketch execution.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>TONE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is possible to generate a tone on any pin using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> PIN.TONE</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The syntax is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.TONE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pin, freq <span style='color:blue'>[</span>, duration<span style= 'color:blue'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pin can be any valid GPIO, the frequency can be between 1 and 5000Hz, the optional parameter duration define the duration of the tone in msec; if not defined the tone will last forever and can be removed using the same command with frequency equal to 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.TONE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>14, 1000, 200</span></b> ‘ tone of 1000Hz on pin 14 for 200 msec</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.TONE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>14, 100</span></b> ‘ tone of 100Hz non stop</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.TONE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>14, 0</span></b> ‘ clear the tone</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639461">SERVO</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This functionality exposes the ability to control RC (hobby) servo motors. It support up to 4 servos on any available pin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">While many RC servo motors will accept the 3.3V IO data pin from a ESP8266, most will not be able to run off 3.3v and will require another power source that matches their specifications. Make sure to connect the grounds between the ESP8266 and the servo motor power supply.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Before using it, the servo channel (from 1 to 4) and the pin must be defined.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done using the command <b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO.SETUP</span></i></b> <b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>id, pin</span></i></b> as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:118%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:118%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:118%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 12</span> ' attach the servo #1 to pin GPIO12</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, 13</span> ' attach the servo #2 to pin GPIO13</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">After the definition, the servo can be controlled with the command <b><i>SERVO value as</i></b> below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 90</span> ' set the servo 1 at 90°</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, 45</span> ' set the servo 2 at 45°</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The value must be within the range from 0 to 180</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">To detach the servo from the pin, use the command <b><i>SERVO.SETUP id, OFF</i></b> as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, OFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SERVO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, OFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639462">COUNTERS</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This functionality exposes two counters that permit to count pulses from any input pin.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Each counter can return the frequency of the signal using a timeframe of one second.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Additionally, each counter can also return the time occurred between consecutive pulses (period); this is useful as this will permit to determine the frequency of low frequency signals simply taking its reciprocal </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>(f = 1 / period).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>These counters are not based on H/W but are managed using processor interrupts so the input frequency should be limited to around 10 Khz.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>It is possible to define when the pulse is counted (on Rising Edge, on Falling Edge, on Change).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The “on Change” is particularly interesting when associated with low frequency measurement as it will permit to double the number of pulses.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Before using the counters, the input pin must be set as INPUT using the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>To start to use the counters, the following command is available:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> COUNTER.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>cnt, pin [,mode]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">where:</p> <p class="MsoNormal">‘cnt’ defines which counter (1 or 2)</p> <p class="MsoNormal">‘pin’ defines the input pin (can be any valid pin except GPIO16)</p> <p class="MsoNormal">‘mode’ can be 1 (rising edge), 2 (falling edge) or 3 (change). If not specified, the mode change is enabled.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIN.MODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>12,<span style='color:blue'>INPUT</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background:white'> ‘defines the pin GPIO12 as INPUT</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> COUNTER.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 12, 1</span></b> ‘ Counter 1 using pin GPIO12, count on Rising Edge</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The pulses counted can be read using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.COUNT</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>cnt<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The frequency can be read using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.FREQ</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>cnt<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The period between 2 consecutive pulses can be read using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.PERIOD</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>cnt<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.COUNT</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'> ‘print the pulses counted from the counter 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.FREQ</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background: white'>‘print the frequency from the counter 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> COUNTER.PERIOD</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background: white'>‘print the period from the counter 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>FInally the counters can be reset with the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> COUNTER.RESET</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>cnt</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> COUNTER.RESET</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1</span></b><span style='color:#212121;background:white'> ‘ reset the counter 1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639463">PID controllers</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller. or three-term controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism widely used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control. (ref <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>wikipedia</span></a>)</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A PID controller continuously calculates an error value e(t) as the difference between a desired setpoint (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms (denoted P, I, and D respectively), hence the name.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In practical terms it automatically applies accurate and responsive correction to a control function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">An everyday example is the cruise control on a car, where ascending a hill would lower speed if only constant engine power is applied. The controller's PID algorithm restores the measured speed to the desired speed with minimal delay and overshoot, by increasing the power output of the engine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex implements 4 PID controllers that can be used simultaneously for any application.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The commands are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Kp, Ki, Kd</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.SETMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>mode</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.LIMITS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>min, max</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.PERIOD</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msec</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.PARAMS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Kp, Ki, Kd</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> The main function is:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Pid_Out <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>PIDx.COMPUTE</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>CURR_VALUE, TARGET_VALUE<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx</span></b> can be<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PID1, PID2, PID3</span></b> or <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PID4</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first step is to initialise the PID controller.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the command <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Kp, Ki, Kd</span></b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PID1.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>50, 80, 1</span></b> 'initialise the controller with Kp = 50, Ki = 80 and Kd = 1</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Optionally the output limits can be set using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.LIMITS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>min, max</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If not defined the output is limited between 0 and 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PID1.LIMITS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 1023</span></b> ' limits the output between 0 and 1023</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the sampling period can be defined using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.PERIOD</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msec</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">If not defined the period is set at 100 msec</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.PERIOD</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>50</span></b> ' define the period at 50 msec</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Finally the main function <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> output <span style='color:red'>=</span></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> PIDx.COMPUTE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>input, setpoint<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>Pid_Out <span style='color:red'>=</span></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> PID1.COMPUTE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CURR_VALUE, TARGET_VALUE<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This function must be called regularly in a loop; the best is to call it using a timer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color:#8866FF'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.SETMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>mode</span></b> can be used to put the loop in manual with <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.SETMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case the PID loop will be stopped and the output value will be frozen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To restore the auto mode (default), the command is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PIDx.SETMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">At any moment the PID parameters can be changed using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> PIDx.PARAMS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>Kp, Ki, Kd</span></b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PID1.PARAMS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>30, 80, 10</span></b> ' modify the PID parameters with Kp = 30, Ki = 80 and Kd = 10</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The following example shows how control the speed of a 3-wire 12V PC fan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The PID utilise the counter to determine the fans speed controlling it using the PWM.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A little circuit is required to drive the positive side of the FAN.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="422" id= "image81.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image024.gif" alt="image" name="image81.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <table class="afff2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>CODE: pid1.bas</span></b></p> <div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'> <hr size="2" width="100%" align="center" /></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' PID Test program</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' cicciocb 2019</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this example controls the speed of a 3-wire PC fan</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' using the internal counter as input and the PWM as output</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PID1.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1, 5, 0 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'init the PID paramters</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PID1.LIMITS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 1023 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'the PWM goes up to 1023</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pin.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>input</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>pullup</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'GPIO12 is the tach input. Pullup is ON</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>counter.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1, 12, 3 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' count changes so the output is doubled</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' previous value of the counter</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>target</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'the default target speed (hz)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100, do_pid</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'the PID is updated each 100msec</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>create_web_page</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>create_web_page</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>create_web_page:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>cls</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"PID DEMO PROGRAM<br>"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"SPEED (Hz) "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>textbox$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>target</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>html</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>do_pid:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' The frequency is computed at each cycle counting the pulses occurred</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' As the cycle is executed each 100msec, the frequency computed</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' is 1/10 of the real one </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>counter.count</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>freq</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' the frequency</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cnt</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'the frequency is doubled and divided by 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'so the real target is target *2 /10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>out</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pid1.compute</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>freq, target</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'compute the PID</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"pulses "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>;freq,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"freq "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>; freq</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"pwm out "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>;out</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pwm</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>13</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>out</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_Toc148639464">I2C BUS</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The I²C bus allows the module to connect to I²C devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">I²C uses only two bidirectional open-drain lines, Serial Data Line (SDA) and Serial Clock Line (SCL), pulled up with resistors (typically 4.7K to 10K).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I²C has a 7 bit address space permitting, theoretically, to connect up to 126 I/O devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The maximal number of nodes is limited by the address space and also by the total bus capacitance of 400 pF, which restricts practical communication distances to a few meters. The relatively high impedance and low noise immunity requires a common ground potential, which again restricts practical use to communication within the same PC board or small system of boards.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The current implementation is master mode @ 100Khz by default.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The SDA and SCL pins can be freely defined using the command <b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></i></b> <b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>sda_pin, scl_pin</span></i></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, to define pins <span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;color:#404040;background:#FCFCFC'> 4(SDA) and 5(SCL) the command is :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is important to provide the correct pullup resistor on these lines; values from 10K to 100K should be appropriate.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The commands available are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.BEGIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:blue'>I2C.END</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>I2C.REQFROM</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>I2C.WRITE</span></span></b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><br /> <br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The functions available are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> I2C.LEN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:fuchsia'>I2C.READ</span>, <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>I2C.END</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>There are also other advanced functions / commands to simplify exchanges with the i2c bus.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The advanced commands available are :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.READREGARRAY</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:blue'>I2C.WRITEREGBYTE</span>,<span style= 'color:blue'>I2C.WRITEREGARRAY</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The advanced functions available are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> I2C.READREGBYTE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As all the devices can have a "not well" determined address, please find here a little i2c scanner program which returns the address of all the devices found connected to the bus</p> <table class="afff3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'I2C Address Scanner</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'print in the console the address of the devices found</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>120</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"found "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>; i ,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'>hex$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h5><a name="_Toc148639465"><b>PCF8574 Module</b></a></h5> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example of connection of a module with PCF8574 bought on Ebay at less than 2€ </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="216" id= "image36.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image025.gif" alt="image" name="image36.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This drawing shows how this module must be connected to the ESP8266.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It provides 8 digital inputs or outputs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="309" id= "image39.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image026.gif" alt="image" name="image39.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example of code that "drives" this module:</p> <table class="afff4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'set to module i2c address</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Write from 0 to 255 on the module</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Each pin will blink at different frequency</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_write i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Read all the inputs</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'The result is printed into the serial console</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' put all the inputs at pullup state</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_write 255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> PCF8574_</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>read</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>End</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_write</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.write</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.end</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>read</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.reqfrom</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>i2c.read</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.end</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h5><a name="_k96n5d3xt5tf"></a><b> </b></h5> <h5><a name="_Toc148639466"><b>ADS1115 Module</b></a></h5> <p class="MsoNormal">This is another example of a connection of a module with ADS1115 bought on Ebay at less than 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is a 16 Bit ADC 4 channel Module with Programmable Gain Amplifier.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="111" height="292" id= "image52.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image027.gif" alt="image" name="image52.png" /><img border="0" width="106" height="292" id= "image15.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image028.gif" alt="image" name="image15.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Because the module already contains two 10K I2C pullups, no external resistors are required</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <img border="0" width="718" height="413" id="image108.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image029.gif" alt="image" name= "image108.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this device is quite simple to interface, it can be directly driven using a “driver” written in basic.</p> <table class="afff5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' ADS1115 Driver for Annex</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' datasheet http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ads1115.pdf</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' ADS1115 Registers</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_ADDRESS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>h48</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_CONV_REG</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0 : ADS1115_CONF_REG</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_HI_T_REG</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2 : ADS1115_LO_T_REG</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>BUFF_IN</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' buffer used for read/write to module</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4,5</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C bus</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' Set the ADS1115 with :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' AINp = AIN0 and AINn = AIN1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' FSR = ±4.096 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' 16 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_setup 0, 1, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' scale in volt</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>scale</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4.096</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32768</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> ADS1115_read v </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' read from the module</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>scale</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'---------------------------------------------------------</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' INPUT MULTIPLEX :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' AINp is the input positive</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' AINn is the input negative</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'0 : AINp = AIN0 and AINn = AIN1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'1 : AINp = AIN0 and AINn = AIN3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'2 : AINp = AIN1 and AINn = AIN3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'3 : AINp = AIN2 and AINn = AIN3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'4 : AINp = AIN0 and AINn = GND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'5 : AINp = AIN1 and AINn = GND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'6 : AINp = AIN2 and AINn = GND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'7 : AINp = AIN3 and AINn = GND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'GAIN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'0 : FSR = ±6.144 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'1 : FSR = ±4.096 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'2 : FSR = ±2.048 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'3 : FSR = ±1.024 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'4 : FSR = ±0.512 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'5 : FSR = ±0.256 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'6 : FSR = ±0.256 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'7 : FSR = ±0.256 V</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'DATA RATE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'0 : 8 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'1 : 16 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'2 : 32 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'3 : 64 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'4 : 128 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'5 : 250 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'6 : 475 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'7 : 860 SPS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_setup</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>inp_mux, gain, rate</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>local</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>conf</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> conf</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>inp_mux</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><<</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>gain</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><<</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>9</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>rate</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><<</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' + disable comp</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'use the IO Buffer 0 for writing</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>iobuff.dim</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0,2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>conf</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>hff00</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>>></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8 , conf</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>hff</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i2c.write_iobuff</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, ADS1115_ADDRESS, ADS1115_CONF_REG</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ADS1115_read</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'use the IO Buffer 0 for reading</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i2c.read_iobuff</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, ADS1115_ADDRESS, ADS1115_CONV_REG, 2</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>iobuff.len</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"No communication"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>else</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>iobuff.read</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 0</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><<</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>iobuff.read</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32768</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>ret</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>65536</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h5><a name="_Toc148639467"><b>MCP23017 Module</b></a></h5> <p class="MsoNormal">This is another example for connecting an I2C module, an MCP20S17 bought on Ebay at less than 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This module provides 16 GPIO pins that can be used as digital inputs or outputs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="480" height="311" id= "image59.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image030.gif" alt="image" name="image59.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Because the module already contains two 10K I2C pullups, no external resistors are required</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <img border="0" width="718" height="311" id="image90.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image031.gif" alt="image" name= "image90.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this device is quite simple to interface, it can be directly driven using a “driver” written in basic.</p> <table class="afff6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' MCP23017 Driver for Annex</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' datasheet http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/20001952C.pdf</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'set to module i2c address</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'MCP23017 internal registers</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>IODIRA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0 : IODIRB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1 : IPOLA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2 : IPOLB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>GPINTENA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4 : GPINTENB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5 : DEFVALA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>6 : DEFVALB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>7</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>INTCONA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8 : INTCONB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>9 : IOCONA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10 : IOCONB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>11</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>GPPUA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12 : GPPUB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>13 : INTFA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>14 : INTFB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>INTCAPA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16 : INTCAPB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>17 : GPIOA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>18 : GPIOB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>19</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>OLATA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>20 : OLATB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>21</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2C.WriteRegByte</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, IOCONA,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>h08</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' init MCP23S17 with bit HAEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2C.WriteRegByte</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, IODIRA,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>hFF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' all PORT A pins as input</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2C.WriteRegByte</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, GPPUA, </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>hff</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set PORT A pullup on all pins</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2C.WriteRegByte</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, IODIRB,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>h00</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' all PORT B pins as output</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.WriteRegByte</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, GPIOB, z </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#99CC00'>' pulse all GPIOB pins</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>i2C.ReadRegByte</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>device_address, GPIOA</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' read all GPIOA pins</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>z</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_nybndyoktpqs"></a> </h3> <h4><a name="_Toc148639468">SPI BUS</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The SPI bus allows the module to connect to SPI devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b>Serial Peripheral Interface bus (SPI)</b> is a synchronous serial communication interface used for short distance communication between devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>SPI devices communicate in full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture where the ESP8266 is the master. The ESP generates the frame for reading and writing.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Multiple slave devices are supported through selection with individual chip select (CS) lines.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The SPI bus utilise four logic signals:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'> </p> <table class="afff7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="679" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="80" valign="top" style= 'width:60.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='color:black'>SIGNAL</span></b></p> </td> <td width="447" valign="top" style= 'width:335.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='color:black'>DESCRIPTION</span></b></p> </td> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='color:black'>I/O PIN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="80" valign="top" style= 'width:60.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b>SCLK</b></p> </td> <td width="447" valign="top" style= 'width:335.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>Serial Clock (output from the ESP8266)</p> </td> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> GPIO14</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="80" valign="top" style= 'width:60.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b>MISO</b></p> </td> <td width="447" valign="top" style= 'width:335.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>Master Input Slave Output (data input to the ESP8266)</p> </td> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> GPIO12</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="80" valign="top" style= 'width:60.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b>MOSI</b></p> </td> <td width="447" valign="top" style= 'width:335.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>Master Output Slave Input (data output from the ESP8266)</p> </td> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> GPIO13</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="80" valign="top" style= 'width:60.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <a><b>CS</b></a></p> </td> <td width="447" valign="top" style= 'width:335.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_1" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_1')" href="start.htm#_msocom_1" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_1">[1]</a> <a class= "msocomanchor" id="_anchor_2" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_2','_com_2')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_2')" href="start.htm#_msocom_2" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_2">[2]</a> Chip Select (often active low, output from the ESP8266)</p> </td> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>Any pin, controlled by user program</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The commands available are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>speed [,data_mode [, bit_order]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.SETMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>data_mode</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.SETFREQ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>speed</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The functions available are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:118%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:118%;font-family:Consolas'>ret = <span style='color:fuchsia'>SPI.BYTE</span>(byte)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:118%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:118%;font-family:Consolas'>a$ = <span style='color:#FF5500'>SPI.STRING$</span>(data$, len)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:118%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:118%;font-family:Consolas'>a$ = <span style='color:#FF5500'>SPI.HEX$</span>(datahex$, len)</span></b></p> <h5><a name="_Toc148639469"><b>74HC595 Module</b></a></h5> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example of connection of a module with 74HC595 bought on Ebay at less than 2€ </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="238" height="175" id="image31.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image032.gif" alt="image" name= "image31.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This drawing shows how this module must be connected to the ESP8266.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It provides 8 digital outputs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="719" height="431" id="image42.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image033.gif" alt="image" name= "image42.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is an example of code that "drives" this module:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <table class="afff8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Write from 0 to 255 on the module</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Each pin will blink at different frequency</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>spi.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100000 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set the SPI port at 100KHz</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pin.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16,</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>output</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set the Pin used for CS as output</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> M_74HC595 i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>M_74HC595</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'put the CS HIGH</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>spi.byte</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'pulse the CS low then high</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h5><a name="_Toc148639470"><b>MCP23S17 Module</b></a></h5> <p class="MsoNormal">This is another example of a connection of a module with MCP23S17 bought on Ebay at less than 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This module provides 16 GPIO pins that can be used as digital input or output. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <img border="0" width="235" height="290" id="image26.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image034.gif" alt="image" name= "image26.png" /><img border="0" width="260" height="290" id= "image78.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image035.gif" alt="image" name="image78.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <img border="0" width="718" height="356" id="image87.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image036.gif" alt="image" name= "image87.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this device is quite simple to interface, it can be directly driven using a “driver” written in basic.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example using the SPI pins and the GPIO15 as CS signal</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <table class="afff9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' MCP23S17 Driver for Annex</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' datasheet http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/20001952C.pdf</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'the GPIO15 is the CS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pin.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 15,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> output</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> spi.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1000000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'MCP23S17 SPI address</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_ADDR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>h40 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' assumes A2, A1, A0 to GND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'MCP23S17 internal registers</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> IODIRA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0 : IODIRB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1 : IPOLA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2 : IPOLB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> GPINTENA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4 : GPINTENB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 5 : DEFVALA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 6 : DEFVALB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 7</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> INTCONA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 8 : INTCONB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 9 : IOCONA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 10 : IOCONB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 11</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> GPPUA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 12 : GPPUB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 13 : INTFA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 14 : INTFB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> INTCAPA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 16 : INTCAPB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 17 : GPIOA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 18 : GPIOB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 19</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> OLATA </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 20 : OLATB </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 21</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE IOCONA,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>h08</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' init MCP23S17 with bit HAEN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE IODIRA,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>h00</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' all PORT A pins as output</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE IODIRB,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>hff</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' all PORT B pins as input</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE GPPUB ,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>hff</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' all PORT B pins as pullup</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE GPIOA, z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' pulse all GPIOA pins</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_READ GPIOB, v</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' read all GPIOB pins</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> v</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> End</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' function for read / write the MCP23S17</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> MCP23S17_WRITE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>register, value</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>local</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MCP23S17_ADDR</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>register</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>value</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:110%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> sub</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MCP23S17_READ</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>register, value</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>local</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MCP23S17_ADDR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>register</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> value</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>SPI.byte</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h3><a name="_ewwx3pjtbsr0"></a> </h3> <h3><a name="_a76c3ws2j1b4"></a> </h3> <h3><a name="_Toc148639471">LCD DISPLAY USING I2C</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An LCD display can be connected to the module using I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These displays are very cheap and available on Ebay at less than 4€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows an LCD with 4 lines at 20 characters per line.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="465" height="286" id= "image33.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image037.gif" alt="image" name="image33.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In general these displays are based on the chip HD44780 and works with a parallel interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Because the number of pins available on the ESP module is very limited, there is an additional module (in general sold with the display itself) permitting the connection using the bus I2C.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows the module (generally soldered in the back of the display) enabling the I2C connection.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="464" height="176" id= "image68.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image038.gif" alt="image" name="image68.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are based on the chip PCF8574 and have the following relationship between the display pins and the bits of the PCF8574:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afffa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="493" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="110" valign="top" style= 'width:82.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <span style='color:black'>PCF8574 BIT</span></p> </td> <td width="111" valign="top" style= 'width:83.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <span style='color:black'>LCD SIGNAL</span></p> </td> <td width="61" valign="top" style= 'width:45.75pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> </p> </td> <td width="106" valign="top" style= 'width:79.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>PCF8574 BIT</span></p> </td> <td width="105" valign="top" style= 'width:78.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><span style= 'color:black'>LCD SIGNAL</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='height:13.0pt'> <td width="110" valign="top" style= 'width:82.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:13.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>BIT 0</p> </td> <td width="111" valign="top" style= 'width:83.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:13.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>RS</p> </td> <td width="61" valign="top" style= 'width:45.75pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:13.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> </p> </td> <td width="106" valign="top" style= 'width:79.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:13.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>BIT 4</p> </td> <td width="105" valign="top" style= 'width:78.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt;height:13.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D4</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="110" valign="top" style= 'width:82.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>BIT 1</p> </td> <td width="111" valign="top" style= 'width:83.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>RW</p> </td> <td width="61" valign="top" style= 'width:45.75pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> </p> </td> <td width="106" valign="top" style= 'width:79.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>BIT 5</p> </td> <td width="105" valign="top" style= 'width:78.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="110" valign="top" style= 'width:82.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>BIT 2</p> </td> <td width="111" valign="top" style= 'width:83.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>E</p> </td> <td width="61" valign="top" style= 'width:45.75pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> </p> </td> <td width="106" valign="top" style= 'width:79.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>BIT 6</p> </td> <td width="105" valign="top" style= 'width:78.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D6</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="110" valign="top" style= 'width:82.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>BIT 3</p> </td> <td width="111" valign="top" style= 'width:83.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> BACKLIGHT</p> </td> <td width="61" valign="top" style= 'width:45.75pt;border:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> </p> </td> <td width="106" valign="top" style= 'width:79.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>BIT 7</p> </td> <td width="105" valign="top" style= 'width:78.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>D7</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">However, this mapping is managed directly into the ESP module so you don’t need to worry about it.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The only important information is the I2C address of the display which may change depending on the card.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="352" id= "image95.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image039.gif" alt="image" name="image95.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">An important point is that the display must be powered with 5V because it will not work at 3.3 V.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">In order to use the LCD, there are 2 steps :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Initialise the I2C bus</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Init the display</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the following commands :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5</span></b> ' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>63, 20, 4</span></b> ‘ init an LCD at address 63 (3F in hex) with 20 characters per line and 4 lines</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">After these 2 lines, there are 2 additional commands available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CLS</span></b> ‘ clear the screen of the LCD</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>x, y, text$</span></b> ‘ print a text on the LCD at the position (x, y)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="afffb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'init an LCD at address 63 (3F in hex) with 20 characters per line and 4 lines</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>LCD.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>63, 20, 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>LCD.CLS</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' clear the screen of the LCD</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'print a message on the LCD at the first char of the first line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>LCD.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1, 1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"HELLO WORLD"</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition it is possible to control the backlight of the display using the functions</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.OFF</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' turns OFF the backlight of the LCD</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.ON </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' turns ON the backlight of the LCD</span></span></b> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The LCD has the capability to hold 8 custom characters identified as the ASCII chars from 0 to 7.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>char, array()</span></b> enables to define these custom characters.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, to define the custom char 2 :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>a<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>8<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0, 0, 10, 21, 17, 10, 4, 0 <span style='color:#99CC00'>'these are 8 bytes defining the 8 rows</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, a<span style='color:#2266FF'>()</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>'set the character 2</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.PRINT 1,1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> CHR$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' print the char</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Finally the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.WRITE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>char</span></b> enables to print a single char;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>It enables, in particular, to print the character 0 (that is ignored in</b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.PRINT)</span>.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, this program :</p> <table class="afffc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'init an LCD at address 63 (3F in hex) with 20 characters per line and 4 lines</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 63, 20, 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CLS</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' clear the screen of the LCD</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'print a message on the LCD at the first char of the first line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1, 1,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "HELLO WORLD"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Create 8 custom chars</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 0, 10, 21, 17, 10, 4, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Heart</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 0, 10, 31, 31, 14, 4, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Heart filled</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 10, 0, 0, 17, 14, 0, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'smile</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 10, 0, 0, 14, 17, 0, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'sad</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 14, 17, 17, 17, 10, 10, 27</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'omega</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4, 14, 31, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'arrow up</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 5, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 31, 14, 4</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'arrow down</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 6, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, 4, 10, 17, 10, 4, 0, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'diamond</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 7, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1 ,2,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "" </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the cursor on the 2nd line</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Print the 8 custom chars</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 7</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.WRITE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will give this result on the LCD:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="239" id= "image79.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image040.gif" alt="image" name="image79.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The custom characters can be created online using this website <a href= "https://maxpromer.github.io/LCD-Character-Creator/"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>https://maxpromer.github.io/LCD-Character-Creator/</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="636" height="598" id= "image101.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image041.gif" alt="image" name="image101.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, the char defined in the image, can be defined in annex as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afffd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> &h04, &h0E, &h1F, &h04, &h04, &h1F &h0E, &h04</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> LCD.CUSTOM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3, a</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>()</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639472">OLED DISPLAY</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An OLED display can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These displays are very cheap and available on Ebay at less than 3€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows an OLED with 128 x 64 pixels monochrome but the size is only 0.96".</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="353" height="316" id= "image32.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image042.gif" alt="image" name="image32.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This display is based on the chipset SSD1306</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>It is also possible to use a display based on the chipset SH1106</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="372" id= "image4.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image043.gif" alt="image" name="image4.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">In order to use the OLED, there are 2 steps :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Initialise the I2C bus</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Init the display</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the following commands :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5 <span style='color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>orientation</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'init with a given orientation (0 = normal, 1 = upside-down)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">In case of the display SH1106, the command is</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>orientation, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'init with a given orientation (0 = normal, 1 = upside-down)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">After these 2 lines, there are several commands available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.CLS, OLED.COLOR, OLED.FONT, OLED.PIXEL, OLED.LINE, OLED.RECT, OLED.CIRCLE, OLED.PRINT, OLED.IMAGE, OLED.REFRESH</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The current implementation of the OLED is based on a double buffering; this permit to draw in background on the screen while the current image is still shown. This technique permit to avoid flickering while drawing objects on the screen. The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>fmt</span></b> permit to choose between an automatic refresh (<b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1</span></b>) or a manual refresh (<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0</span></b>). By default the refresh is automatic.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When an automatic refresh is set, the image is immediately updated after each drawing command whereas, with the manual refresh, the image is refreshed only when an <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.REFRESH</span></b> command is executed.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.COLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col</span></b> defines the color to be used by the different drawing commands. As the display is monochrome, only the color 0 (black) and 1(white) can be defined; an additional color 2 (reverse) permit to draw object that reverse the existing color already present on the screen; useful to draw and clear the same object. By default the color is 1 (white).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.IMAGE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>x, y, image$</span></b> permit to draw an image on the screen from a file. The file format must be XBM, a kind of ‘C’ source code. This format is not really popular but it is supported by the free tool <a href="https://www.gimp.org/"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>Gimp</span></a>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.FONT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>font_num</span></b> permits to define the font to be used by the command <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> OLED.PRINT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There are 4 fonts available, FIXED_5X7, ARIAL MT10, ARIAL MT16, ARIAL MT24.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="afffe" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' init the OLED upside-down</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.CLS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' clear the screen</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.FONT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>2</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.COLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OLED.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>10,10, "HELLO WORLD"</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639473">ST7920 LCD DISPLAY</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An ST7920 LCD display can be connected to the module using the SPI interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These displays are very cheap and available on Ebay at less than 5€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows an ST7920 with 128 x 64 pixel monochrome.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'color:#222222;background:white'>Some cheap boards will have PSB connected to VDD (5v) This forces the parallel interface to be used. Before you connect your display check that pin 2 (VDD ,5v) and pin 15 (PSB) are not connected. If they are you may need to cut a jumper. Otherwise you will short out your power supply, and the display will not work.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="386" height="255" id= "image41.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image044.gif" alt="image" name="image41.png" /><img border="0" width="320" height="242" id= "image72.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image045.gif" alt="image" name="image72.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This display is provided with a parallel interface BUT it can be used with a SPI interface, so only 3 pins are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="375" id= "image10.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image046.gif" alt="image" name="image10.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this display use the SPI bus and its speed it is limited at around 1Mb/sec the first command must be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:150%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Consolas'>1000000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then, in order to use the display, it must be initialised.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the following command:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:150%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Consolas'>CS_pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As per the wiring above, the command is</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>After these 2 lines, there are several commands available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.CLS</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:blue'>ST7920.COLOR</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.FONT</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.PIXEL</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.LINE</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.RECT</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.CIRCLE</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.PRINT</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.IMAGE</span>, <span style= 'color:blue'>ST7920.REFRESH</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The current implementation of the ST7920 is based on a double buffering; this permits drawing in background on the screen while the current image is still shown. This technique permits to avoid flickering while drawing objects on the screen. The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>fmt</span></b> permits you to choose between an automatic refresh (<b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1</span></b>) or a manual refresh (<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0</span></b>). By default the refresh is automatic.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When an automatic refresh is set, the image is immediately updated after each drawing command whereas, with the manual refresh, the image is refreshed only when an <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.REFRESH</span></b> command is executed.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.COLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col</span></b> defines the color to be used by the different drawing commands. As the display is monochrome, only the color 0 (black) and 1(white) can be defined; an additional color 2 (reverse) permits to draw objects that reverse the existing color already present on the screen; useful to draw and clear the same object. By default the color is 1 (white).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.IMAGE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>x, y, image$</span></b> permit to draw an image on the screen from a file. The file format must be XBM, a kind of ‘C’ source code. This format is not really popular but it is supported by the free tool <a href="https://www.gimp.org/"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>Gimp</span></a>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.FONT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>font_num</span></b> permits to define the font to be used by the command <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ST7920.PRINT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There are 4 fonts available, FIXED_5X7, ARIAL MT10, ARIAL MT16, ARIAL MT24.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="affff" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>SPI.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000000</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set the SPI at 1MB/sec</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' init the ST7920 with the CS at the pin 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.CLS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' clear the screen</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.FONT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.COLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ST7920.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>10,10,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"HELLO WORLD"</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639474">RTC module</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A module based on chipset DS1307 or DS3231 can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are very cheap and available on Ebay at less than 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a DS3231 module which is very compact and already contains two 4.7K I2C pullups :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <img border="0" width="194" height="224" id="image66.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image047.gif" alt="image" name= "image66.png" /> <img border="0" width="246" height="214" id="image11.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image048.gif" alt="image" name= "image11.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="396" id= "image88.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image049.gif" alt="image" name="image88.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> RTC.DATE$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>[(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>format<span style='color:#2266FF'>)]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> RTC.TIME$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> RTC.SETTIME</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Year, Month, Day, Hours, Minutes, Seconds</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The use of the RTC module is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First the I2C must be initialised with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the date and the time can be read with the string functions <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'> RTC.TIME$</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> RTC.DATE$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This time and date can be manually set using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> RTC.SETTIME</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Syntax is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>RTC.SETTIME</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Year, Month, Day, Hours, Minutes, Seconds</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:14.0pt'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Set the date to 02 September 2017 at 13:58:12</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> RTC.SETTIME</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>17, 9, 2, 13, 58, 12</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <table class="affff0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP 4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The date is "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>RTC.DATE$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The time is "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>RTC.TIME$</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639475">PCA9685 (PWM / Servo) Module</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A PWM / Servo module based on the chip PCA9685 can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are very cheap and available on Ebay at less than 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a PCA9685 module that makes available up to 16 PWM / Servo outputs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The PCA9685 is an I²C-bus controlled 16-channel controller optimized for Red/Green/Blue/Amber (RGBA) color backlighting applications. It operates at a programmable frequency from a typical of 24 Hz to 1526 Hz. All outputs share the same PWM frequency.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The duty cycle for each output is adjustable from 0 % to 100 % with 12-bit resolution (4096 steps).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can also be used to control servo actuators, simply specifying the PWM frequency at 50 Hz.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="347" height="149" id= "image62.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image050.gif" alt="image" name="image62.png" /><img border="0" width="358" height="138" id= "image63.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image051.gif" alt="image" name="image63.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This module must be connected using I2C and, because it already contains two 10K I2C pullups, no external resistors are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="297" id= "image22.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image052.gif" alt="image" name="image22.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PCA9685.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>address [,freq]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PCA9685.SETFREQ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>freq</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>pin, value</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In order to use the module, it must be first set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> PCA9685.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>address [,freq]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">If not specified, the PWM frequency is set by default at 1000Hz</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the PWM frequency can be set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PCA9685.SETFREQ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>freq</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">FInally, the outputs can be driven with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pin, value</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example that drives 2 servos connected on outputs 0 and 1.</p> <table class="affff1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>H40, 55</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.SETFREQ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 150</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1, 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DX</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DY</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINX</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100 : MAXX</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>500</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINY</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>150 : MAXY</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>300</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINX : Y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINY</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, Y</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PCA9685.PWM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1, X</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PAUSE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>30</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Y, DY, MAXY</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DX</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> Y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DY</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINX</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>OR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>X</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MAXX</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DX</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DX</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MINY</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>OR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>MAXY</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DY</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>DY</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639476">TM1637 display module</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A display module based on the chipset TM1637 with 4 7-segments display can be connected to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are very cheap and available on Ebay at around 1€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a module with 4 displays at 0.36”.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="340" height="166" id= "image76.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image053.gif" alt="image" name="image76.png" /> <img border="0" width="312" height="175" id="image12.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image054.gif" alt="image" name= "image12.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The following picture shows another module with 4 digits at 0.56”.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="372" height="145" id= "image45.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image055.gif" alt="image" name="image45.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The following picture shows another module with 6 digits at 0.56”</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="577" height="164" id= "image44.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image056.gif" alt="image" name="image44.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Notice that some modules have the “colon” points in the middle, some have the decimal points and some other have 6 digits including the decimal points</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the protocol used by this chip is very similar to the I2C, this display can share the same pins used for other I2C devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="315" id= "image8.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image057.gif" alt="image" name="image8.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions are:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>data_pin, clock_pin <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, bit_delay<span style='color:#2266FF'>] [</span>, display_type<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First initialise the display with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.SETUP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">With the wiring above, the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Note that some modules may already include i2c pullup resistors on board (so simply try first without).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u>It is important to highlight</u></b> that some display modules may have a capacitor on the input pins.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In that case it will require an extra parameter (<b>bit_delay</b>) at the end of the setup command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This value can be experimentally found, but a value of 100 should be appropriate for all the modules.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>Example : <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5, 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">If a “6 digits display” must be connected, another extra parameter (<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>display_type</span></b>) is required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example : <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>15 16, 100, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The display can be used with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Where</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>msg$</b> is a text string that contains the message to show</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>brightness</b> defines the luminosity of the display from 0 (OFF) to 7 (MAX); if omitted the value is 7</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>All ASCII characters can be used but will be shown within the limitation of the 7 segments of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The decimal point and the colon (<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>:</span></b>) are automatically managed so, to print 12:34 on the display, simply use</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "12:34"</span></span></b> or <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1637.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "1.234"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="affff2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1637.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>9999</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1637.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639477">TM1638 display module</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A display module based on the chipset TM1638 with 8 7-segments display can be connected to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules provide 8 LEDs, 8 Digits and 8 Keypad Interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are very cheap and available on Ebay at around 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a module with 8 digits at 0.36”, 8 leds and 8 buttons</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="464" height="303" id= "image73.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image058.gif" alt="image" name="image73.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection requires 3 pins plus the power supply.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style='color:red'><img border="0" width= "718" height="288" id="image85.png" src= "Annex_Help_1.48.files/image059.gif" alt="image" name= "image85.png" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions are:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> TM1638.BUTTONS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>data_pin, clock_pin, strobe_pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.LEDS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>val</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First initialise the display with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>data_pin, clock_pin, strobe_pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">With the wiring above, the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 5, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The display can then be used with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Where</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>msg$</b> is a text string that can contain up to 8 chars ,</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>brightness</b> defines the luminosity of the display from 0 (OFF) to 15 (MAX); if omitted the value is 15</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>All ASCII characters can be used but will be shown within the limitation of the 7 segments of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="affff3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:63.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:63.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>9999</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1638.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the module contains also 8 leds, it is possible to control them using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TM1638.LEDS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>val.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>val</b> is a 8 bit number where each bit is associated to a led.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="affff4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:63.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:63.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>255</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1638.LEDS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is also possible to get the status of the buttons with the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> TM1638.BUTTONS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="affff5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:64.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:64.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>TM1638.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>TM1638.BUTTONS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639478">MAX7219 8-Digits 7-segment display</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A display module based on the chipset MAX7219 with 8 7-segments display can be connected to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules provide 8 Digits 7-segments display including dot points.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules are very cheap and available on Ebay at around 2€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a module with 8 digits at 0.36”.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="611" height="132" id= "image7.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image060.gif" alt="image" name="image7.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="621" height="130" id= "image98.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image061.gif" alt="image" name="image98.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The wiring is done using the SPI bus plus a dedicated CS pin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="192" id= "image70.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image062.gif" alt="image" name="image70.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions are:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXDISPLAY.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CS_pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXDISPLAY.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>,brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First initialise the display with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXDISPLAY.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CS_pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">With the wiring above, the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXDISPLAY.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The display can then be used with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXDISPLAY.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$ <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>,brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Where</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>msg$</b> is a text string that can contains up to 8 chars ,</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>brightness</b> defines the luminosity of the display from 0 (OFF) to 15 (MAX); if omitted the value is 15</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>All ASCII characters can be used but will be shown within the limitation of the 7 segments of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="affff6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:66.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:66.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXDISPLAY.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>9999</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXDISPLAY.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639479">MAX7219 Dot Matrix Display</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">It is also possible to connect dot matrix modules based on the chipset MAX7219.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules contain 4 8x8 dot matrix displays each one with a dedicated MAX7219 chip.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules can be chained in order to compose a larger display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The picture shows a module available on Ebay at around 5€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="574" height="153" id= "image110.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image063.gif" alt="image" name="image110.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="572" height="147" id= "image20.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image064.gif" alt="image" name="image20.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The wiring is done using the SPI bus plus a dedicated CS pin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="164" id= "image64.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image065.gif" alt="image" name="image64.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions are:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>nb_devices, CS_pin [,reverse]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.SHOW</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>position <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.SCROLL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#2266FF'> [</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.OSCILLATE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#2266FF'> [</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, the first command required is the setup of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the command <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>nb_devices, CS_pin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas'>[,reverse].</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The first argument defines the number of 8x8 displays connected; using the module shown above, the number is 4. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The 2nd argument defines the pin used for the CS signal; using the schematic shown above the pin is 15 (GPIO15).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>The 3rd argument, if =1, permit to use modules with a reversed order digits.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'>In our case the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The text can then be set on the display with 3 different commands :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><b>3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first will set the text that will be shown at the beginning, the 2nd will set the text that will be shown when the first one will be scrolled out of the display and the 3rd will permit to modify immediately the text shown.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Hello"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Friend"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will permit to show “Hello” at the beginning; then as soon as “Hello” is scrolled out of the screen, the text “Friend” will be shown and it will scroll on the display forever until the next execution of the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b> will permit to modify the text during the scrolling sequence, useful for “dynamic” messages (i.e time/date information).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.SHOW</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>position</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:#2266FF'> [</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>, brightness<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b> will permit to move the text in a given position.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The position 1 if the rightmost line of the display and increasing this value will move the text more on the left.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Optionally is is possible to define the brightness of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The last set of commands is composed of</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>1.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.SCROLL</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>2.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.OSCILLATE</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first will permit to scroll the text from the right to the left and, when the text will be completely scrolled out, it will restart again with the same text or, if defined, with the text set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The 2nd will permit to scroll the text from the right to the left and, when the text will be completely scrolled out, it will be scrolled back in the opposite direction until it will reach the initial position, then the process will restart again.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">These 2 commands have an optional parameter permitting to define the luminosity of the display in a range from 0 (min) to 15 (max); the default value is 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the message requires a continuous scrolling, these commands must be called on a timed interval (using a timer).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let show with an example using the <b>SCROLL</b> command</p> <table class="affff7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set 4 8x8 displays with GPIO15 as CS pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the first message as the current time</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TIME$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the second message as the current date</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>DATE$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the refresh rate of the display (50 msec) - lower values -> scroll faster</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>TIMER0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50, SCROLLME</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>WAIT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>SCROLLME:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Scroll the display with an intensity of 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.SCROLL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is another example using the <b>OSCILLATE</b> command:</p> <table class="affff8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style='border-collapse: collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set 4 8x8 displays with GPIO15 as CS pin</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.SETUP 4, 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>MAXSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Hello World"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the refresh rate of the display (50 msec) - lower values -> scroll faster</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>TIMER0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>50, SCROLLME</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>WAIT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>SCROLLME:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Oscillate the display with an intensity of 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> MAXSCROLL.OSCILLATE 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639480">NeoPixel WS2812B led strips</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">It is possible to connect NeoPixel led strips based on WS2812B Leds.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These strips are generally available in a linear form but also as a circular array.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="360" height="206" id= "image23.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image066.gif" alt="image" name="image23.png" /><img border="0" width="279" height="210" id= "image111.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image067.gif" alt="image" name="image111.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The wiring is very simple as only one output pin is required for the ESP8266.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>This pin must be the pin GPIO2 that is fixed and cannot be changed.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strips must be supplied at 5V with a dedicated power-supply.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As each led could require up-to 60mA, the power supply must be sized in consequence.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strip is considered as a sequence of leds where each one has a position and can have a different color.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">From a logical point of view, even the circular array is seen as a linear strip with a start and end position.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the following commands are available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>nb_led</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>led_start_pos, led_end_pos, R, G, B [, disable]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>led_start_pos, led_end_pos, COLOR [, disable]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>led_pos, R, G, B [, disable]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>led_pos, COLOR [, disable]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> NEO.RGB</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>R, G, B<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> NEO.GETPIXEL</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pos<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first command, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>[nb_led]</span></b>, defines the size (in pîxels) of the led strip.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>60</span></b> defines a strip containing 60 leds (or a ring with 60 leds).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This creates a local memory buffer of the strip line permitting the manipulation of the colors in the background.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then, the leds of the strips can be addressed taking into account that the first led has the position 0 and the last has the position (nb_led - 1).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, using the declaration <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>60,</span></b> the last led has the position 59.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The leds can then be addressed individually using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> or as a block using the command<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEO.STRIP.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>10, 255, 0, 0</span></b> set the led at the position 10 with the color RED and the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>20, 30, 0, 0, 255</span></b> set the leds at the position 20 through 30 with the color BLUE</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The colors can be specified as a sequence of 3 numbers from 0 to 255 representing the intensity for the Red, Green and Blue components or as a single number where the 3 colors are merged together as a whole.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> NEO.RGB</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>R, G, B<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> permits to generate this merged color.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, these 3 commands produce the same effect :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 10, 0, 255, 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 10, <span style='color:fuchsia'>NEO.RGB</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>0, 255, 0<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEO.STRIP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 10, 65280</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The optional argument <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>[, disable]</span></b> if set to 1, permit to write in memory without refreshing the strip. This is useful to manipulate several leds refreshing the complete line only when required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, with the following program, all the leds will be refresh one by one at 100ms interval :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>60</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> FOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>TO</span> 59</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>NEO.PIXEL</span> z, 128</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>PAUSE</span> 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">But, with the following program, all the leds will be updated in a single shot at the end (after 6 seconds) :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>60</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> FOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:blue'>0</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>TO</span> 59</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z, 128, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PAUSE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEO.PIXEL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>59, 128</span></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639481">NeoPixel based WS2812b Dot Matrix DIsplay</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">It is also possible to connect Dot Matrix modules based on WS2812B Leds.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These modules contain 64 WS2812B leds organised in 8x8 matrix.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Several modules can be chained in order to compose a large display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="294" height="297" id= "image93.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image068.gif" alt="image" name="image93.png" /><img border="0" width="301" height="298" id= "image92.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image069.gif" alt="image" name="image92.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The wiring is very simple as only one output pin is required for the ESP8266.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>This pin must be the pin GPIO2 that is fixed and cannot be changed.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The modules must be supplied at 5V with a dedicated power-supply.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="156" id= "image94.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image070.gif" alt="image" name="image94.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">It must be taken into account that these 8x8 modules can require a lot of current, in particular if all the leds are at max intensity.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As each led could require up-to 60mA, the power supply must be sized in consequence.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">From a practical point of view, the displays will never show all the pixels at the same time so we can consider at least 2 amps per display (so 20 amps for 10 displays).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available Instructions are:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>nb_devices [, serpentine]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.COLORS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXTCOLORS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.SHOW</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pos <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.SCROLL</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#2266FF'> [</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.OSCILLATE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#2266FF'> [</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.CLS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> [</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>refresh<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use it, the first command required is the setup of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be done with the command <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>nb_devices [, serpentine]</span>.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first argument defines the number of 8x8 modules connected; using the schematic shown above, the number is 4. </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The 2nd argument defines if the display itself is arranged in a linear way or as a serpentine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If it is 0 (default) the normal layout is selected, if is 1, the serpentine layout is chosen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="484" height="203" id= "image74.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image071.gif" alt="image" name="image74.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In our case the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The text can then be set on the display with 3 different commands :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>5.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><b>6.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first will set the text that will be shown at the beginning, the 2nd will set the text that will be shown when the first one will be scrolled out of the display and the 3rd will permit to modify immediately the text shown.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Hello"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Friend"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will permit to show “Hello” at the beginning; then as soon as “Hello” is scrolled out of the screen, the text “Friend” will be shown and it will scroll on the display forever until the next execution of the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.TEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>msg$</span></b> will permit you to modify the text during the scrolling sequence, useful for “dynamic” messages (i.e time/date information).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the display permit to show colors, 2 more commands are available:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.COLORS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXTCOLORS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>col$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first defines the colors of the text set with the command<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></span></b> whilst the 2nd defines the colors of the text set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.COLORS</span></b> defines the color of each character of the text set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> .</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The logic is based on a one-to-one correspondence between the text string and the color string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The color is based on this table :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="affff9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="228" style= 'margin-left:16.5pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'><b><span style= 'color:black'>COLOR</span></b></p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'><b><span style= 'color:black'>CODE</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Blue</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>B</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Green</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>G</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Cyan</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>C</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>Red</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>R</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Magenta</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>M</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Yellow</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>Y</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> Black</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>K</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> White</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>W</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="84" valign="top" style= 'width:63.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> White</p> </td> <td width="144" valign="top" style= 'width:108.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal; border:none'>Any other char</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example, the commands</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Hello"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.COLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "RGBCM"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will show the string “Hello” where the first character is Red, the 2nd Green, the 3rd Blue, ….</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">With the same logic, the commands</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Friend"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXTCOLOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "YWRGBM"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will show the string “<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>Friend</span></b>” where the first character is Yellow, the 2nd White, the 3rd Red, ….</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.SHOW</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>position <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>, brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b> will permit to move the text in a given position.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The position 1 if the rightmost line of the display and increasing this value will move the text more on the left.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Optionally is is possible to define the brightness of the display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The last set of commands is composed of</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>3.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.SCROLL</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> <b>4.<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NEOSCROLL.OSCILLATE</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>brightness<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first will permit to scroll the text from the right to the left and, when the text will be completely scrolled out, it will restart again with the same text or, if defined, with the text set with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> NEOSCROLL.NEXT</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The 2nd will permit to scroll the text from the right to the left and, when the text will be completely scrolled out, it will be scrolled back in the opposite direction until it will reach the initial position, then the process will restart again.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">These 2 commands have an optional parameter permitting to define the luminosity of the display in a range from 0 (off) to 255 (max); the default value is 5.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Take into account that these displays are very bright so a luminosity of 5 is already enough.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the message requires a continuous scrolling, these commands must be called on a timed interval (using a timer).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let show with an example using the <b>SCROLL</b> command</p> <table class="affffa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set 4 WS2812B displays with GPIO2 as input</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.Setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the first message as the current time</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.print</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"TRY Annex WiFi BASIC"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.colors</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"CMYRGCRGBYWRGBCMYRGB"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the next message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.next</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Hello World!"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.nextcolors</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"BYWRGBCMYRGB"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the refresh rate of the display (30 msec) - lower values -> scroll faster</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>30, scrollme</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Scrollme:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Scroll the display with an intensity of 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.scroll</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is another example using the <b>OSCILLATE</b> command:</p> <table class="affffb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style='border-collapse: collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set 4 WS2812B displays with GPIO2 as input</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.Setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the first message as the current time</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.print</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"000"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.colors</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"RBG"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the refresh rate of the display (50 msec) - lower values -> scroll faster</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50, scrollme</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the counter at 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the incrementing rate</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100, increment </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>Scrollme:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Scroll the display with an intensity of 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.oscillate</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>increment:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>v</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>mod</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'increment and limits the value at 999</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>NeoScroll.text</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>v,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"%03f"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639482">TFT DISPLAY ILI9341</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A TFT Display based on the chipset ILI9341 can be connected to the module using the SPI interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These displays are available on Ebay at different sizes from 2.2” to 2.8” and are very cheap.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The resolution of the display is 320 x 240 pixels with 65K colors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">They can also contain a touchscreen controller that permits receiving feedback from the user via the SPI interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The model shown below is a 2.8” and contains an interface for the Touch Screen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As the interface is SPI, the display requires at least 5 pins when connected as a display only and 6 when the touch screen is enabled.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The image below shows an 2.8” display provided with touch screen interface:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="436" height= "253" id="image24.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image072.gif" alt="image" name="image24.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="437" height= "256" id="image49.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image073.gif" alt="image" name="image49.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>These displays have a little jumper zone (J1) that must be solder-bridged if powering the module from 3.3V else it will be configured to work at 5v.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>Wiring for display only</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="680" height="272" id= "image96.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image074.gif" alt="image" name="image96.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>Wiring for Display and Touchscreen</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="681" height= "268" id="image89.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image075.gif" alt="image" name="image89.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In order to use the TFT, the first step is to initialise the Display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>This can be done with the following commands :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> TFT.INIT 16, 4, 1 ‘ (16 is the pin for CS, 4 is the pin for D/C, 1 is the landscape orientation)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The display is initialized, by default, for a SPI speed of 40 Mhz.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>In case of problems (spurious pixels and lines) this can be changed using the command SPI.SETUP speed.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> SPI.SETUP 20000000 ‘ set the speed at 20 Mhz.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The display can then be cleared with the command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> TFT.FILL 0</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The display is now ready to receive drawing commands.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The list of commands available is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> TFT.CIRCLE, TFT.LINE, TFT.PRINT, TFT.RECT, TFT.TEXT.COL, TFT.TEXT.POS, TFT.TEXT.SIZE, TFT.BMP</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The list of the functions available is:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> TFT.RGB</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The color is defined as a number between 0 and 65535; this corresponds to the color format named 565 where 5 bits are dedicated to Red, 6 to green and 5 to blue.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>The function TFT.RGB permits to specify the R,G,B components as numbers from 0 to 255.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>For example the function RGB(255,0,0) defines the color RED and TFT.RGB(0,255,0) defines the color green.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>Look at the documentation for the details of each command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'>Example :</p> <table class="affffc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.init</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 16, 4, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.fill</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 30000</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> step</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0.02</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> d</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>6</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> s</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>d</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>140</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>160</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> c</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>cos</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>d</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>100</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>120</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>tft.circle</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> s,c,10,</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>rnd</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>65535</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is a little pong game given as a TFT example.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It uses an iphone as a remote controller using an UDP connection.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The iphone application is the RCW controller already shown in the <a href= "#_d9dv884hg7ic"><span style='color: #1155CC'>I/O buffer</span></a> chapter</p> <table class="affffd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' simple pong example using the remote UDP controller</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' RCW controller for IOS (ipad and iphone)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' control the paddle with up and down arrow</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' the controller must be connected using the port 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> udp.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onudp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the TFT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.init</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 16, 4, 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.fill</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.text.size</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' text size of the score</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.text.col</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> tft.rgb</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 255, 0</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' color of the score</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> speed</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 5</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' speed of game. lower is faster</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 100</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 120</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> score</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>30, 4, 30, 63488, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> while</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x, y, 10, 10, 0, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' clear the ball</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x, y, 10, 10, 65535, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'redraw the ball in the new position</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'limits the position of the ball</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 319</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> -</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 239</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> -</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> ></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py_p</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py, 4, 1 , 63488, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>31 , 4, 1 , 0, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> else</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1 , 4, 1 , 0, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>30, 4, 1 , 63488, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' limits of the paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 30</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>or</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> >=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 239</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> speed </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' determine the speed of the game</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.text.pos</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 280, 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> score</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> pp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> py</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> -</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>pp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> >=</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> )</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>pp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 35</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> )</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> score</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> score</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>pp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> <</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 10</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> (</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>pp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> ></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 20</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> -</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1 </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> else</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0, py</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>30, 4, 30, 63488, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'redraw paddle</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.rect</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> x, y, 10, 10, 0, 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'clear ball</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> score</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'reset the score</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dx</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> rnd</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> else</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dy</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> y</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> rnd</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>239</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wend</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> received:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> udp.read_iobuff</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' use the byte 1 top detemine the button pushed</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> arrows</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> iobuff.read</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0, 1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> arrows</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>-</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> arrows</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> arrows</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> dp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h4><a name="_Toc148639483">TouchScreen</a></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The touchscreen functionality permits to get the position of the point pressed on the screen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It is associated with the event <b>OnTouch</b> and the functions <b>TOUCH.X</b> and <b>TOUCH.Y.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The command Touch.Setup defines the pin used for the Touchscreen.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <table class="affffe" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Touch.Setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnTouch</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>touchme</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>touchme:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"touched"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>touch.x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>touch.y</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639484">TFT DISPLAY ST7735</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A TFT Display based on the chipset ST7735 can be connected to the module using the SPI interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">These displays are available on Ebay at different sizes and are very cheap.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The resolution is variable in function of the display and is in general available with a resolution going from 80 x 160 to 128 x 160 pixels with 65K colors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pictures below shows a 1.8” model with a resolution of 128 x 160 with a <b><span style='color:red'>RED TAB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="475" height= "357" id="image53.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image076.gif" alt="image" name="image53.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="506" height= "361" id="image60.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image077.gif" alt="image" name="image60.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pictures below shows a 1.44” model with a resolution of 128 x 128 with a <b><span style='color:lime'>GREEN TAB</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="474" height= "403" id="image35.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image078.gif" alt="image" name="image35.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="474" height= "389" id="image54.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image079.gif" alt="image" name="image54.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pictures below shows a 0.96” model with a resolution of 80 x 160</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="468" height= "370" id="image75.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image080.gif" alt="image" name="image75.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>These displays may have a little jumper zone (J1) that must be solder-bridged if powering the module from 3.3V else it will be configured to work at 5v.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><img border="0" width="718" height= "267" id="image38.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image081.gif" alt="image" name="image38.png" /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This display can be controlled using the same commands as for the ILI9341 except for the initialisation command TFT.INIT that has specific parameters:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TFT.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CS_PIN, DC_PIN, Orientation, Display_width, Display_height, Variant</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CS_PIN</span></b> defines the pin where CS signal is connected</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>DC_PIN</span></b> defines the pin where DC signal is connected</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Orientation</span></b> defines the orientation of the display (see table below)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Display_height</span></b> defines the height (in pixels) of the display in portrait orientation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Display_width</span></b> defines the height (in pixels) of the display in portrait orientation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Variant</span></b> defines the variant of the display (see text below)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>Variant</span></b> define the type of display, originally this was based on the colour of the tab on the screen protector film but this is not always true, <u>so try out the different options below if the screen does not display graphics correctly, e.g. colours wrong, mirror images, or tray pixels at the edges.</u></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afffff" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="460" style= 'margin-left:16.5pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>Variant</span></b></p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>Display model</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>0</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Green Tab (default)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>1</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Red Tab</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>2</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Black Tab</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>3</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Green Tab 2</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>4</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Green Tab 3</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>5</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Green Tab 128 x 128</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>6</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Green Tab 80 x 160</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>7</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Red Tab 80 x 160</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>8</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Other</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afffff0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="460" style= 'margin-left:16.5pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>Orientation</span></b></p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'color:black'>Display model</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>0</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Portrait</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>1</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Landscape</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>2</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Portrait reversed</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="136" valign="top" style= 'width:102.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt 2.8pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>3</p> </td> <td width="324" valign="top" style= 'width:243.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>Landscape reversed</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The display is initialized, by default, for a SPI speed of 40 Mhz and this is in general too fast for these displays.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In case of problems (spurious pixels and lines) this can be changed using the command SPI.SETUP speed.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SPI.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>20000000</span></b> ‘ set the speed at 20 Mhz.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Initialisation examples :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Initialise the first display (1.8” model with a resolution of 128 x 160 with a <b><span style='color:red'>RED TAB</span></b> )</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TFT.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>16, 4, 1, 128, 160, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Initialise the 2nd display (1.44” model with a resolution of 128 x 128 with a <b><span style='color:lime'>GREEN TAB</span></b> )</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TFT.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>16, 4, 1, 128, 128, 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Initialise the 3rd display ( 0.96” model with a resolution of 80 x 160 )</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> TFT.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>16, 4, 1, 80, 160, 6</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Look at the documentation for the details of each command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example :</p> <table class="afffff1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' setup a display 128 x 128</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.init</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 16, 4, 1, 128, 128, 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' reduce the speed at 20 Mhz</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Spi.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 20000000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> tft.fill</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 30000</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> step</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0.02</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> d</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>/</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>6</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> s</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>d</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>64</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> c</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>cos</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>sin</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>r</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>d</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>*</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>50</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>64</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>tft.circle</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> s,c,10,</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>rnd</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>65535</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify;border:none'> <b> </b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639485">INFRARED INTERFACE</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An infrared receiver can be connected to the module permitting it to decode messages received from RC remote controllers.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is also possible to connect an IR led permitting to generate RC codes from the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This picture shows a kit containing an IR receiver, an IR LED and a controller available on ebay at around 1€.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="370" height="298" id= "image57.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image082.gif" alt="image" name="image57.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The following drawing shows an example of connection using the pins GPIO12 and GPIO14:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="475" id= "image55.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image083.gif" alt="image" name="image55.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="237" height="158" id= "image13.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image084.gif" alt="image" name="image13.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Details of wiring for the VS1838B</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_ji4t1gu2ks6e"></a> </h3> <p class="MsoNormal">There are several commands associated with the IR functions :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IR.INIT</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> IR.GET$</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> IR.SEND</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ONINFRARED</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">In order to use the Infrared functions, the first command to use is IR.INIT.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command defines the pins to be used for the IR receiver and the IR transmitter.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As per the wiring given above, the command must be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IR.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>14, 12</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span style= 'background:yellow'>IMPORTANT : the pin 16 cannot be used!</span></u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ONINFRARED</span></b> defines the label where the program will jump when a code is received by the Infrared receiver. Then, using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> IR.GET$</span></b> it will be possible to retrieve the code of the message received:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> Example</p> <table class="afffff2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>IR.INIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>14, 12</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONINFRARED</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>irReceived</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>irReceived:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>IR.GET$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The transmission can be done using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IR.SEND</span></b>:</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The format is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IR.SEND</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>format, code$, bits</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example for a NEC code:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IR.SEND</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>3, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"20DF40BF"</span>, 32</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The following formats are supported for the reception and the transmission :</p> <table class="afffff3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="272" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#CCCCCC;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>VALUE</span></b></p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#CCCCCC;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>FORMAT</span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>-1</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> UNKNOWN</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>0</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> UNUSED</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>1</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>RC5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>2</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>RC6</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>3</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>NEC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>4</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> SONY</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>5</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> PANASONIC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>6</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>JVC</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="121" valign="top" style= 'width:90.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'>7</p> </td> <td width="151" valign="top" style= 'width:113.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> SAMSUNG</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is an example working with the RC controller shown in the picture above.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It shows the status of the button 1 to 8 pressed on the web page and can control 8 leds wired to a PCF8574 using the I2C bus :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afffff4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>oninfrared</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>irReceived</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>mypage</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l3</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l4</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l5</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l6</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l7</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0: l8</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ir.init</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>14</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4,5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_write l</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>mypage</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>irReceived:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"&h"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>code_type</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>address</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>val</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"&h"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>ir.get$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>))</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' if NEC CODE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>code_type</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' if RC address is 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>address</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>22</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>25</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>13</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>12</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>24</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>94</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>64</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>cmd</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>28</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>xor</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>128 </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> PCF8574_write l</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> setleds l</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>mypage:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>cls</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>""</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>|<h1> TEST OF IR REMOTE CONTROLLER COUPLED<br>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>| WITH AN I2C PCF8574 AND 8 LEDS</h1>|</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l3</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l4</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l5</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l6</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l7</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>led$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>l8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>html</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>setleds</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set the status for the leds</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l3</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l4</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>8</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l5</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>16</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l6</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l7</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>64</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> l8</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>and</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>128</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>refresh</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>PCF8574_write</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>32</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'PCF8574</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.write</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>x</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>i2c.end</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>sub</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name= "_3cjgg8w5cygh"></a> </h3> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639486">ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR HC-SR04</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An Ultrasonic distance sensor HC-SR04 can be connected to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This sensor permits to measure the distance from a target positioned in front in a range going from a minimum of 3 cm to a maximum of 3 meters.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="394" height="230" id= "image97.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image085.gif" alt="image" name="image97.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">For the connection, it requires 2 pins plus the power supply. (5 Volts).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="291" id= "image71.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image086.gif" alt="image" name="image71.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">There is just one function, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DISTANCE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>(pin_trig, pin_echo)</span></b> that returns the distance from the target in cm.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b>:</p> <table class="afffff5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' Measure the distance from the target 2 times / second</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"DISTANCE MEASUREMENT"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>str$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>DISTANCE</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>15,12</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"%4f"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>+</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"cm"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>500</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>end</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_Toc148639487">DHT xx Temperature / Humidity Sensors</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A Temperature / Humidity sensor of the DHTxx family can be connected.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The picture below the ones that are actually supported.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="342" id= "image84.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image087.gif" alt="image" name="image84.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">These sensors requires a single wire connection like shown below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="719" height="352" id= "image91.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image088.gif" alt="image" name="image91.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To use them, is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First initialise the sensor with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> DHT.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pin, model</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The pin can be any available pin of the device and model can be 11, 21 or 22 (for DHT11, DHT21 or DHT22).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Assuming that we are using the DHT22 on the pin GPIO2, the command must be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> DHT.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>2, 22</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then 3 functions are available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DHT.TEMP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DHT.HUM</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DHT.HEATINDEX</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The first returns the value of the temperature in °C</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The 2nd returns the value of the Humidity in %</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The 3rd returns the value of the heat index in °C</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example</i></b></p> <table class="afffff6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>DHT.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2 ,22</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Temperature is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>DHT.TEMP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Humidity is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>DHT.HUM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"%"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Heat Index is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'>DHT.TEMP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3 style='line-height:normal'><a name="_Toc148639488">DS18B20 Temperature Sensors</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">One or several DS18B20 Temperature sensors can be connected.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The picture below shows the ones that are actually supported.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="588" height="319" id= "image99.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image089.gif" alt="image" name="image99.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">These Dallas 1-wire sensors use a single wire connection as shown below, allowing multiple sensors to be connected in parallel on the same 1-wire bus from a single gpio pin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="201" id= "image25.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image090.gif" alt="image" name="image25.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">There is just one function available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> TEMPR$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>(pin_number, [ID])</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This function will return the temperature or the ID of the device depending on the parameter ‘ID’ specified.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In the schematic above, to read the 3 temperatures, the example code is :</p> <table class="afffff7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Temperature 1 is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEMPR$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2, 1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Temperature 2 is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEMPR$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2, 2</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Temperature 3 is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEMPR$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2, 3</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To read the temperature from a unique device connected, the code is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <table class="afffff8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:30.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:30.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"The Temperature is "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEMPR$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2, 1</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"°C"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>It is important to note that, if the ID is not specified, the command will return the Hex address of the device(s) connected.</b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639489">BNO055 Absolute Orientation Sensor</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A BNO055 Absolute Orientation Sensor can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This sensor contains 3 accelerometers, 3 gyros and 3 magnetometers BUT also contains an integrated 32 bits controller running Bosch Sensortec sensor fusion software.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This frees the ESP8266 the module from all the calculations related to the implementation of a Fusion algorithm.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="249" height="247" id= "image86.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image091.gif" alt="image" name="image86.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This component is quite expensive ( ~10 €) compared to the classic MPU6050, MPU9250, ... but the quality of the internal fusion algo enables to use it without any effort.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Before connecting it, the links S0 and S1 must be soldered with the ‘-’ position, as shown in the picture, to enable I2C.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C bus and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module is already provided with on-board pull-up resistors, so external pull-up resistors are not required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="673" height="364" id= "image106.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image092.gif" alt="image" name="image106.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available instructions are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BNO055.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>address<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BNO055.HEADING</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BNO055.PITCH</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BNO055.ROLL</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BNO055.VECTOR</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span> param <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BNO055.CALIB</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[(</span>param<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Verdana",sans-serif;color:#2266FF'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The use of the BNO055 module is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First the I2C must be initialised with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the module must be initialised with the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BNO055.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>address<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">‘address’ must be &h28 if the pin ‘I2C’ is connected to GND or &h29 if connected to VCC.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This function returns 1 if the module has been initialised properly otherwise it returns 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">After the initialisation, the euler angles can be simply read using the corresponding functions <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BNO055.HEADING</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> BNO055.PITCH</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:fuchsia'> BNO055.ROLL</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Another useful function is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BNO055.CALIB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#2266FF'> [(</span>param<span style='color:#2266FF'>)]</span></span></b> that returns the calibration status of the BNO055 internal sensors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If used without any parameters, it returns 1 when all the internal sensors are calibrated otherwise it returns 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The BNO055 is put in auto calibration mode so it will calibrate by itself in background.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Refers to the following link for more information : <a href= "https://ae-bst.resource.bosch.com/media/_tech/media/datasheets/BST_BNO055_DS000_14.pdf#page=48"> <span style='color:#1155CC'>BNO055 Calibration</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <table class="afffff9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bno055.setup</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>&h28</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "BNO module not found"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> if</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1000<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Pitch:"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bno055.pitch</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Roll:"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bno055.roll</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Heading:"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bno055.heading</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Calibrated:"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> bno055.calib</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> pause 100<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> z<br /> <br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <h3><a name="_ldu5tjdhd945"></a> </h3> <h3><a name="_Toc148639490">BME280 Combined humidity and pressure sensor</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A BME280 Sensor can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This unit combines individual high linearity, high accuracy sensors for pressure, humidity and temperature.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A unit based on the chip BMP280 can also be used, except that this one doesn’t contain the humidity sensor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="223" height="288" id= "image102.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image093.gif" alt="image" name="image102.png" /><img border="0" width="228" height="298" id= "image105.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image094.gif" alt="image" name="image105.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C bus and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module is already provided with on-board pull-up resistors, so external pull-up resistors are not required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="395" id= "image104.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image095.gif" alt="image" name="image104.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available instructions are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>address<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BME280.ALT</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>qnh<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BME280.HUM</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BME280.QFE</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>BME280.QNH</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>altitude<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>BME280.TEMP</span></span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'><br /> <br /></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The use of the BME280 module is very simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">First the I2C must be initialised with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the module must be initialised with the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>address<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">‘address’ must be &h76 if the pin ‘SDO’ is connected to GND or &h77 if connected to VCC.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This function returns 1 if the module has been initialised properly otherwise it returns 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">After the initialisation, the temperature, pressure and humidity can be simply read using the corresponding functions <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.TEMP</span></b>, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> BME280.QFE</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.HUM</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.ALT</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>(qnh)</span></b> returns the altitude information but requires, as a parameter, the pressure at sea level.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">At the opposite, the function <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BME280.QNH</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>(altitude)</span></b> returns the sea level pressure but requires, as a parameter, the current altitude.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <table class="afffffa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>I2C.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>4, 5 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' set I2C port on pins 4 and 5</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'><br /> <br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>bme280.setup</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>&</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>h76</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"BME280 not found"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:black'>:</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF'>end</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>for</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>to</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1000<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Temperature"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>bme280.temp</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Humidity"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>bme280.hum</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Pressure"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>bme280.qfe</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> qnh</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'>bme280.qnh</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>150</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' assume the altitude at 150 meters</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Qnh "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>, qnh<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Altitude"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>bme280.alt</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1019</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' assume a sea level pressure at 1019 Hpa</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'>pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:black'>100<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>z</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'> </span></b></p> <h3><a name="_Toc148639491">APDS9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor</a></h3> <p class="MsoNormal">An APDS9960 Sensor can be connected to the module using the I2C interface.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The APDS-9960 device features advanced Gesture detection, Proximity detection, Digital Ambient Light Sense (ALS) and Color Sense (RGBC).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Gesture detection utilizes four directional photodiodes to sense reflected IR energy (sourced by the integrated LED) to convert physical motion information (i.e. direction and distance) to digital information.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="207" height="247" id= "image27.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image096.gif" alt="image" name="image27.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The connection is very simple, just 2 pins for the I2C bus and the power supply are required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module is already provided with on-board pull-up resistors, so external pull-up resistors are not required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="718" height="424" id= "image107.png" src="Annex_Help_1.48.files/image097.gif" alt="image" name="image107.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Available functions are :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> APDS9960.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>mode<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.READGESTURE</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.AMBIENT</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.RED</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.GREEN</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.BLUE</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.PROXIMITY</span><br /> <span style='color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.GESTUREGAIN</span><br /> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>APDS9960.GESTURELED</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'>There is also an associated <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ONGESTURE</span></b> event.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'>The use of the APDS9960 module is quite simple.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'>First the I2C must be initialised with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> I2C.SETUP</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the module must be initialised with the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> APDS9960.SETUP</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>mode)</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">“<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>mode</span></b>” must be 1 for “<b>GESTURE</b>” mode.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As soon as a gesture is recognised, the event <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> ONGESTURE</span></b> is triggered, so it then possible to get the recognised gesture with the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> APDS9960.READGESTURE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <table class="afffffb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#99CC00'> '</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>APDS9960 GESTURE SENSOR DEMO</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4,5<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the sensor in GESTURE mode</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.Setup</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>1</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "APDS9960 not found"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> :</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'define the Gesture event</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> ongesture</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> gesture<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Wait for the event</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> <br /> gesture:<br /> r</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.ReadGesture</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> select</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> r<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 1<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "LEFT"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 2<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "RIGHT"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 3<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "UP"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 4<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "DOWN"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 5<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "NEAR"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 6<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "FAR"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> case</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> else</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "none"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> select</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module can also be configured as Ambient & RGB light sensor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case “<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>mode</span></b>” must be 2 for “<b>Ambient Light and RGB Color</b>” mode.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <table class="afffffc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#99CC00'> '</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>APDS9960 LIGHT SENSOR DEMO</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 4,5<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the sensor in Ambient light and RGB Color mode</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.Setup</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "APDS9960 not found"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:black'> :</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> end<br /> <br /> for z</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 1 to 10000<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Light:"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.ambient</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.red</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.green</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.blue</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> pause</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 100<br /> next z<br /> end</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module can, finally, be configured also as a Proximity sensor.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case “<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>mode</span></b>” must be 3 for “<b>Proximity</b>” mode.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <table class="afffffd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#99CC00'> '</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>APDS9960 PROXIMITY SENSOR DEMO</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> i2c.setup</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 4,5<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the sensor in Proximity mode</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> if</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> apds9960.Setup</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:black'> 0</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> then</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "APDS996
