Annex32 WIFI RDS Help Version 1.44.2
<!-- If the browser does not support frames put the first topic content here --> <div class="WordSection1"> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>ANNEX32 WI-FI RDS</b></p> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a name="_dck62oxq5qfh"></a><b>User Manual</b></p> <p class="MsoTitle" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a name="_tpyvchrbcnbj"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>Version beta 1.44.2</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:115%'>© ciccioCB 2022</span></b></p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b><span style= 'font-size:30.0pt;line-height:115%'>COPYRIGHT</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Annex firmware, including the AnnexToolKit and this manual, are Copyright 2017-2020 by Francesco Ceccarella (ciccioCB).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The compiled object code (the .bin file) for the Annex firmware is free software: you can use or redistribute it as you please except for commercial purposes. <span style= 'background:white'>It is not allowed to distribute or embed it into products that are sold or for any other activity making or intended to make a profit.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The compiled object code (the .exe file) for the AnnexToolKit utility is free software: you can use or redistribute it as you please except for commercial purposes. <span style='background:white'>It is not allowed to distribute or embed it into products that are sold or for any other activity making or intended to make a profit.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even</p> <p class="MsoNormal">the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This manual is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 France license <a href= "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or redistributions of the Software in any form.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:125%'> <b><span style='font-size:18.0pt;line-height:125%'>License and credits</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The base of the interpreter comes from the original project "MiniBasic" by Malcom Mclean.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit BNO055 Orientation Sensor library is written by KTOWN is Copyright © Adafruit Industries. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>TFT_eSPI display Library is Copyright © 2017 Bodmer. It is released under FreeBSD license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit PWM Servo Driver Library is Copyright © Adafruit. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Arduino Library for Dallas Temperature ICs is Copyright © Miles Burton <miles@mnetcs.com>. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>OneWire Library is Copyright 1999-2006 Dallas Semiconductor Corporation and Copyright © 2007, Jim Studt.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Adafruit DHT Humidity & Temperature Sensor Library is Copyright © Adafruit. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP8266 and ESP32 Oled Driver for SSD1306 display is Copyright © 2016 by Daniel Eichhorn and Copyright © 2016 by Fabrice Weinberg</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>NeoPixelBus library is Copyright © Michael C. Miller. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP AsyncTCP library is Copyright © 2016 Hristo Gochkov. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>ESP AsyncWebServer library is Copyright © 2016 Hristo Gochkov. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>IRremote library is Copyright © Sebastien Warin, Mark Szabo, Ken Shirriff, David Conran. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>uRTCLib is is Copyright © 2015 Naguissa (naguissa.com@gmail.com). It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>BME280 library is written by Limor Fried/Ladyada for Adafruit Industries. It is released under BSD license,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>APDS9960 library is written by Shawn Hymel for Sparkfun Electronics. It is released under Beerware license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>PID Library is written by Brett Beauregard (br3ttb@gmail.com). It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The Javascript Editor EditArea is Copyright © 2008 Christophe Dolivet. It is released under LGPL license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The M5Stack library is copyright © 2017 by M5Stack. It is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The MPU9250 driver is part of the M5Stack Library.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The VL53L0X driver is Copyright © 2017 Pololu. It contains code © 2016 STMicroelectronics.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>Some GUI objects come from the library GUIslice Copyright © Calvin Hass that is released under MIT license.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'>The MFRD522 library is written by Miguel Balboa and is released as free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'margin-top:18.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:125%'> <b><span style= 'font-size:18.0pt;line-height:125%'>Contributions</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A very big thank you to Robin Baker (Electroguard) for his great involvement in the project by supporting all the tests on the real hardware (bought with his money), and all the advices that allowed me to add a lot of functionality, not to mention the Huge work he did while documenting the project on the website.</p> <span style= 'font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><br clear="all" style='page-break-before:always' /></span> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'>Content :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:4.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ib37hbs4z7ex"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Introduction:</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 20</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_u1af4z6wvyc6"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Interpreter:</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 22</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_77zgec17mf9"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Branch labels</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 22</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_8k77tvtqqzb8"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Variables:</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 23</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_es06y8q47vwn"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Arrays:</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 24</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_b0a3hmbb9fak"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Scope of the variables:</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 25</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_u8l0fzafljm1"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Bases of the language</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 26</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_gtlb97rcvmzn"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OPERATORS AND PRECEDENCE</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 26</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e6pajiyir608"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Basic internal keywords:</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 28</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_bmb9sfr6mect"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IF command :</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 28</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_g2hvmotv5wze"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FOR loop</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 29</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_zgyf8uq8sci4"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WHILE WEND loop</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 30</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3pmfjabxk9qp"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DO LOOP loop</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 30</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ah4tyxxppzkp"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SELECT CASE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 31</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_333u8ir4ie4r"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GOTO</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 32</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_oi4j02h7jqt7"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GOSUB</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 33</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e39447gmseqh"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DATA</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 33</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_y59skk5kzat1"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>END</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 34</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_qeitx9gebbvn"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EXIT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 34</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_arwrgf82b41"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SUB</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 34</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5ri4wy3wmubn"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Logical / boolean Operations</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 36</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_34rf70y7i5hp"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ERRORS HANDLING</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 37</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3nwenpgmwm2y"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONERROR ABORT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5ftfjl8c3qc5"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONERROR IGNORE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_fcq6cfkb45j1"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONERROR SKIP [nn]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_9wwsn0xv7b93"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONERROR CLEAR</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_osjf8t4ffrqc"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONERROR GOTO [label | OFF]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3zkg4zgi5im"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.ERRLINE</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6fuiq94q1ccx"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.ERRNUM</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_xn9lgu76ifr0"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.ERRMSG$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 38</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_692eus5qh397"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HOW the interpreter works with the HTML code and Objects :</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 39</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_wzim76bhnk4o"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HTML Objects</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 43</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_wh9wilobh0gv"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TIMERS</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 48</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mdwnectyglzy"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EVENTS</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 48</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_d4ue75yf2nol"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Button Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 49</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_pk0nh1reflph"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnHtmlChange Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 49</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_u41hdiv8zcws"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnHtmlReloadEvent</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 49</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_lzensqv6x2uc"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnInfrared Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 50</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_759a1crrp42l"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnSerial Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 50</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_49h062rscxn2"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnSerial2 Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 50</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_olgad0u56pmw"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnTouch Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 51</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_f7euacpiow78"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnUDP Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 51</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_js28bcuvkx1g"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnWgetAsync Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 51</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_4guifech0x6q"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnUrlMessage Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 52</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_wfr1t45llt5f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnEspNowMsg Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 55</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dnl2jj4kzlmx"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnEspNowError Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 56</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_40ic8lynm9y6"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnMQTT Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 56</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_898xaad10uuh"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OnPlay Event</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 56</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_timhd9ftuj6w"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WiFI CONNECTIONS</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 56</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_p6f75h2qe04w"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PROGRAM AUTORUN</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 58</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5wcniz9oi5js"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RECOVERY MODE</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 59</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_n13zr5291l92"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SLEEP mode (low energy) and RTC memory</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 59</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_vldqd18y353d"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DATE - TIME timekeeper</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 60</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mgfkxea2ug82"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Unix Time functions</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 61</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_1xglwjxpxzea"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FAT32 File System</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 61</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_wp4mob9htwc"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.COPY(filename$, newfile$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3zn0w825ilrf"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.DELETE(filename$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ju157i72n970"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.EXISTS(filename$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6wtqq64ynr51"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.RENAME(oldname$, newname$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_x2ot46avkz4n"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.SIZE(filename$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_z6l66wyqbmct"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.MKDIR(dirname$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_8rsaavdj2yum"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = FILE.RMDIR(dirname$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_4p3s0czen72x"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret$ = FILE.DIR$(path$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_b3s9rn10n809"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret$ = FILE.READ$(filename$, [line_num] | [start, length])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_a75wo3bltko"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.APPEND filename$, content$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5taaoo5m0ryb"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.SAVE filename$, content$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 63</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_t0z8hhby3t0v"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.WRITE filename$, content$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_t0z8hhby3t0v"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.SAVE_IOBUFF</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="#_xcy7xvh4ncmy"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.WRITE_IOBUFF</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_pa4c43bcan0c"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.APPEND_IOBUFF</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_pa4c43bcan0c"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.READ_IOBUFF</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_d9dv884hg7ic"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I/O BUFFERS</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 64</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_1xn2bdcxucqn"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Read Operations</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 66</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_f53jtw7wyevg"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Write Operations</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 67</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_cmki8am7ra30"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Special operations</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 68</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_xabbp1m031bi"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Advanced operations</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 68</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_pmv33k76l4kf"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Bit operations</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 69</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ia4ii55cc42s"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Buffer copy</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 69</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_fyi34tuu4it1"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Code examples :</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 69</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5886tvpzzfg3"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIRING</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 71</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_w2as32fzsu29"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DIGITAL I/O</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 73</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_z2l6z9enox1b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PIN INTERRUPTS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 74</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_sfbacqma58oq"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Analog inputs</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 74</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_85uyo5nwhbuf"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TOUCH inputs</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 75</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_rduj6b60dvnh"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Analog outputs</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 75</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5fw66n26qajg"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Hardware interfaces:</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 75</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_m51equwghv47"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PWM</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 75</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_lamn52tb2w01"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PWM.SETUP pin, channel, default_value, [,frequency] [,resolution]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 76</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_2nbu4v1do1np"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PWM.OUT channel, value</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 77</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_tvafrymtzjqz"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERVO</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 77</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mp0a0d14n6bt"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2S BUS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 78</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_lrxivvnnsv3j"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPEAKER OUTPUT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 80</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_yv79y3iygm09"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C BUS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 80</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hfrx0ud02ywc"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PCF8574 Module</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 82</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mrlr2gji10u4"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ADS1115 Module</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 83</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_13xu5ok2dvy8"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MCP23017 Module</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 86</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_tvsnanoi1088"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPI BUS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 87</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_k8kfnxnm5i8u"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>74HC595 Module</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 89</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3wxgba3no6xg"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MCP23S17 Module</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 90</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_7mk5l5ffjqbx"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN BUS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 92</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_imacatzfbiz1"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN.SETUP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 93</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_shw5jimcoh7"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN.INIT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 94</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_q3x55fdtu54z"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN.STOP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 94</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_cd7mtceatmd5"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN.WRITE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 94</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_za5wbibz8d8a"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CAN.WRITE_IOBUFF</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 95</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_8orcijuaoflu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ONCANBUS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 95</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_bul154ifsaux"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CANBUS BUFFERS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 97</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_z41cmhm8juyp"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COUNTERS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 99</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_zgi3qo2drmxm"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PID controllers</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 100</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_nqe5n51aa42h"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SOUND PLAYER</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 101</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_h1ze6j39fr30"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Metadata Decoding from Mp3 and streaming</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> 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margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_b24jw83rdm7o"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>gui.Rect</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 157</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_cuvazci8hgxp"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>gui.Line</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 158</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_j05k4qyvpx7h"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GUI Functions</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 158</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mhl1ncg2xyts"><span style= 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requests (GET and POST)</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 199</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_4rbtgrpq9srw"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGET$(server$, port, [,header] [,content_type$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_8gqxti9x5f5r"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGET$(url$ [,header] [,content_type$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_f9ntsas4893j"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WPOST$(server$, body$, port [,header] [,content_type$] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_v6vd1sylgaoj"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WPOST$(url$, body$ [,header] [,content_type$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_nhqc8pgn2hju"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGETASYNC[(] server$, port, [,header] [)]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ld3qfy59dc9f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGETASYNC[(] url$,[,header] [)]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 200</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_jrvfihaqn0ob"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 201</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Setup(server$, [debug])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ihf0tvqlwwgf"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Certif(cert_pem$ [,client_cert_pem$] [,client_key_pem$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 203</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_smgr6wszojyz"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.PSK(psk_hint_key$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 203</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_l76l5yto8svl"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Connect(login$, pass$ [id$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 203</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Connect("", "", [id$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Disconnect[()]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Publish(topic$, message$ [Qos], [retain])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Subscribe(topic$ [,Qos])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.UnSubscribe(topic$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dhhqsiamcr7f"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Connected[()]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 230</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_xnunzmphtbmk"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Status[()]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 203</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_m7eofoxka042"><b><span style= 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'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LoRa.BeginPacket</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 225</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_a7vv0ej1rmhm"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LoRa.Print</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 225</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_t59xo072l2r4"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LoRa.EndPacket</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 225</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_t6ecnkx9263a"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LoRa.Receive</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 225</p> <p 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href="start.htm#_xooh794djc7x"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Face Recognition</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 240</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_lu0bmqtjaw3x"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Image / video reception from Annex</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 241</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mm61ujv222tz"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ANNEXEPAPER for LILYGO T5 4.7” E-paper module</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 243</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_xb78voakofs7"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GRAPHIC GUI for E-PAPER</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 246</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 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href="start.htm#_mvt8x792fupy"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.F_TO_DEGC(degF)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_mvt8x792fupy"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.TO_IEEE754(num)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_h9d0skpw17rm"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.FROM_IEEE754(iee754_bin)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_h9d0skpw17rm"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.MAP(number, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_veujinqpyr35"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS CONSTANTS</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 255</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_w1v42fpapxm6"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.VER</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 256</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_k90jrdqjlsuv"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.VER$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 256</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 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style='color:black'> </span> 256</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5xpj0qdfmeig"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.LOAD</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 258</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5xpj0qdfmeig"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.RESETREASON</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 258</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5xpj0qdfmeig"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.DEVICE</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 258</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; 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mac$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 259</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_1tg6oz7cyz1c"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OPTION.LOWRAM value</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 259</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_o59gskx2p0xa"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OPTION.NTPSYNC</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 259</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e9wll5fj6yeb"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OPTION.WDT time</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 259</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 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style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.SETUP( address)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.HEADING</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.PITCH</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.ROLL</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.VECTOR ( param, axis)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BNO055.CALIB [(param)]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CINT(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.DEGC_TO_F(degC)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.F_TO_DEGC(degF)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.TO_IEEE754(num)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.FROM_IEEE754(ieee754_bin)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CONVERT.MAP(number, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COS(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COUNTER.COUNT (cnt)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COUNTER.PERIOD (cnt)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DATEUNIX(date$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DHT.TEMP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DHT.HUM</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DHT.HEATINDEX</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DISTANCE(pin_trig, pin_echo)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EMAIL from$, to$, subject$, message$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.ADD_PEER(MAC_add$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.BEGIN</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.DEL_PEER(MAC_add$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.STOP</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.WRITE( msg$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.WRITE( msg$,MAC_add$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EXP(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FIX(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.DELETE(filename$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.EXISTS(filename$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.SIZE(filename$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FLASHFREE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.ANGLE(axis)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>INSTR([start], string$, pattern$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.LEN</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.READ</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.READREGBYTE (i2c_address, register)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.END</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>INT(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LEN(string$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LOG(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MILLIS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Setup(server$ [,debug])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_jkir6gvge3hu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Certif(cert_pem$ [,client_cert_pem$] [,client_key_pem$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_8faf12l2j0hy"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.PSK(psk_hint_key$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_5u78ef8wkir"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Connect(login$, pass$, [id$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_i8r1znu6tq8e"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Connect("", "", [id$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Disconnect[()]</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_ppbqkqkjmonx"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Publish(topic$, message$ [Qos], [retain])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Subscribe(topic$ [,Qos])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.UnSubscribe(topic$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Connected[()]</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_oswe27j9bj58"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>Ret = MQTT.Status[()]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_w572tges0bdm"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>NEO.GETPIXEL(pos)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 269</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>NEO.RGB(R, G, B)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PI</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PID1.COMPUTE( current_value, target_value)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PIN(pin_number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PIN.TOUCH(pin_number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PING(host$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>POW(x, y)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RAMFREE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.SETUP(CS_pin, RST_pin)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.SETGAIN(gain)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.SETKEY(key$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.RESET</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.AWAKE</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.SETNUID(NUID$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.WRITE(block, data$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RND(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL.LEN</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL2.LEN</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SGN(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SIN(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPI.BYTE(byte)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SQR(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TAN(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.RGB(r,g,b)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TIMEUNIX(time$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1638.BUTTONS</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TOUCH.X</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TOUCH.Y</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>VAL(string$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.CHANNEL</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.MODE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.NETWORKS ( network$ )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.RSSI</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.STATUS</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.COUNT( string$ [,delimiter$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_3trr046hgj9"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.FIND( string$, find$ [,delimiter$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 275</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:18.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_d81zfi48138v"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>STRING FUNCTIONS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 277</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.ERRMSG$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.FILENAME$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.FTP$( host$, login$, password$, file$, folder$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.PASSWORD$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.RTCMEM$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.SSID$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.VER$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BIN$(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BUTTON$(name$, label [, id] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CHECKBOX$( variable [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CHR$(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CSSID$(object_id, object_style)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DATE$[(format)]</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.ERROR$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.READ$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ESPNOW.REMOTE$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.DIR$[(path$)]</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.READ$(filename$,[line_num] | [start, length])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HEX$(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HtmlEventButton$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HtmlEventVar$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IMAGE$(path [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IMAGEBUTTON$(path, label [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IP$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IR.GET$[ (param) ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>JSON$(string$, field$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LCASE$(string$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LED$(variable [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LEFT$(string$, num)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LISTBOX$(variable$, "option1, option2, option3, ..." [, height] [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MAC$[ (id) ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>METER$(variable, min, max [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MID$(string$, start [,num])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Message$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>MQTT.Topic$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OCT$(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PASSWORD$(variable [, id] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>REPLACE$(expression$, find$, replacewith$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.NUID$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.TYPE$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RFID.READ$(block [,key_b])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RIGHT$(string$, num)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RTC.DATE$[(format)]</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RTC.TIME$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL.CHR$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL.INPUT$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL2.CHR$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SERIAL2.INPUT$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SLIDER$(variable, min, max [,step] [,id])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPACE$(number)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPI.STRING$(data$, len)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPI.HEX$(datahex$, len)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>STR$ (number [,format$ [,toint]])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>STRING$(num, char$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TEMPR$(pin_number [,ID])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TEXTAREA$(variable [, id] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TEXTBOX$(variable [, id] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TRIM$(string$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TIME$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UCASE$(string$)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.READ$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.REMOTE$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UNIXDATE$(value [,format])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UNIXTIME$(value)</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>URLMSGGET$ ([arg$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGET$( http_server$, port [,header] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_tcz3e9oq92kg"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGET$( url$, [,header] )</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 288</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_91njl47t7kpo"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGETRESULT$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 288</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD$(string$, position [,delimiter$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.DELETE$(string$, position [delimiter$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.EXTRACT$(string$, lead$, trail$)</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.GETPARAM$( setting$, parameter$ [,separator$])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_hl43838qzzfu"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WPOST$(server$, body$, port [,header])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_9qojlzg6olid"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WPOST$(url$, body$, [,header])</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 289</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_b6ys3a5wnvdw"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COMMANDS:</span></b></a><b><span style='color:black'> </span></b> 290</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>AUTOREFRESH interval</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.LOAD filename$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BAS.RTCMEM$ = val$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CLS</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CSS style_code$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COMMAND cmd$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COUNTER.RESET cnt</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>COUNTER.SETUP cnt, pin [,mode]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CSSEXTERNAL file$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DATA const1 [,const2] ...</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DHT.SETUP pin, model</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EMAIL.SETUP server$, port, user_name$, password$ [, debug]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EMAILASYNC from$, to$, subject$, message$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FILE.SAVE filename$, content$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.INIT</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.MADGWICK ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.MADGWICK ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.MAHONY ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.BETA =</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.ZETA =</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.KI =</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FUSION.KP =</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>HTML code$</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.SETUP sda_pin, scl_pin [,freq ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.BEGIN address</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>I2C.END</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; 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margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ST7920.PRINT x, y, text$ [background]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ST7920.IMAGE x, y, image$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1637.PRINT msg$ [, brightness ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1637.SETUP data_pin, clock_pin [, bit_delay] [, display_type]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1638.PRINT msg$ [, brightness ]]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1638.SETUP data_pin, clock_pin, strobe_pin</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TM1638.LEDS val</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.BMP filename$, [x, y [, back_color] ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.BRIGHTNESS val</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.CIRCLE x, y, radius,color [, fill]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.FILL color</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.IMAGE filename$, [x, y [, back_color] ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.INIT orientation</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.JPG filename$, [x, y [, scale] ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.LINE x1, y1, x2, y2, col</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.PRINT expression [[,; ]expression] ...</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.RECT x, y, width, height, color [ [,fill] ,[round_radius] ]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.TEXT.COLOR color [,backcolor]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.TEXT.POS x, y</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TFT.TEXT.SIZE size</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TIMER0 interval, label</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TIMER1 interval, label</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TOUCH.CALIB</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.BEGIN port</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.REPLY msg$ [,port]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.STOP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UDP.WRITE ip, port, msg$</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>URLMSGRETURN msg$ [,content_type$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WAIT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGETASYNC server$, port [,header]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_l721wgq2l99c"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WGETASYNC url$, port [,header]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 319</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_iwsrhe6k4ms8"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.APMODE SSID$, password$ [, channel] [, IP$ , MASK$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 321</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_dzsa0hrn7xd8"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.AWAKE</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 321</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_btl2ualidr59"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.CONNECT SSID$, password$ [, BSSID$] [, IP$ , MASK$ [, GATEWAY$]]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 321</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.POWER pow</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.SCAN</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WIFI.SLEEP</span></a><span style='color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WLOG [text$ | num]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.DELPARAM setting$, parameter$, [,separator$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_6b5ukta1brmr"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WORD.SETPARAM setting$, parameter$, value$ [,separator$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-top:10.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_x9voaqqdwlvo"><b><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>BASIC KEYWORDS</span></b></a><b><span style= 'color:black'> </span></b> 322</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>CASE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DIM array(size) [, …]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>DO</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ELSE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>END [IF | SELECT | SUB]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>ENDIF</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>EXIT {DO | FOR | SUB}</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>FOR</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GOSUB [label | lab$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>GOTO [label | lab$]</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>IF</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LET var = expression</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>LOOP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>NEXT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OFF</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>OUTPUT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PULLUP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>PULLDOWN</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>REM</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>RETURN</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SELECT</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SPECIAL</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>STEP</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>SUB</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>THEN</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>TO</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>UNTIL</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:36.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WEND</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:4.0pt; margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'> <a href="start.htm#_e0axnr1jwg4b"><span style= 'color:black;text-decoration:none'>WHILE</span></a><span style= 'color:black'> </span> 324</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></p> <h3><a name="_ib37hbs4z7ex"></a>Introduction:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex32 WI-Fi RDS (Rapid Development Suite) is a version of the "BASIC" language developed to run on low cost ESP-32 WIFI devices.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex32 is specifically for the ESP32 range of devices, whose implemented features can vary greatly.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To offer some standardisation, Annex32 caters in particular to M5stack devices, which include a micro-SD card slot, TFT display, speaker, 3 user buttons plus a reset button, and a lipo battery, all self-contained in a plastic case offering expansion pin access and designed to accept ‘stackable’ expansion modules.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">All drivers needed for the M5stack features are already included in the Annex32 firmware, and pre-configured for the M5stack so that features such as TFT display and SDcard work by default.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Similar functionality could be built using alternative TFT display and SD card reader etc, if preferred.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Please refer to the original <a href= "https://github.com/m5stack/M5-Schematic/blob/master/README_en.md"><span style='color:#1155CC'> M5Stack schematics</span></a> for more details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">However, M5stack and its hardware features merely offer a convenient standardised feature set, they are not mandatory - Annex32 works with any ESP32 devices, with or without hardware expansion modules.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Obviously appropriate hardware is needed for any required features - eg: an OLED display could be used, but scripts written for TFT displays will need modifying for the different display.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex32 can use the internal flash disk space, or an external SD card.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The internal and the external (SDcard) space are mutually exclusive and cannot be accessed at the same time.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">By default Annex32 will use the SD, if available, otherwise it will use the internal flash disk space (FATFS).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Both use the same type file system (FAT32), enabling the use of long file names and directories.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Depending on the module flash memory size (4, 8 or 16MB), the internal disk space can be from ~1MB to 13MB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using the ESP32 partition scheme it is possible to freely define this space, but modifying it will wipe out all existing files already stored.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex32 Wi-Fi RDS takes from the original concept of Annex WI-FI RDS for ESP8266 from which it shares essentially the IDE interface and the same command syntax as much as possible.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It should be straightforward switching to Annex32 if coming from Annex, and the same programs should run without (or with minimum) modifications (eg: pin numbers).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex32 Wi-Fi RDS benefits from the powerful H/W architecture of the ESP32 using both cores and the RAM memory available. In addition, for modules equipped with PSRAM memory extension, Annex32 can make available to the users this additional RAM space (up to 4MBytes).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Functionalities:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Includes an internal IDE so can be programmed directly using your web browser (even from your phone/tablet) without any additional utility.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Syntax highlighting with context-sensitive Help</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> A programmable web server which includes a file server</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Supports OTA (over the air) update.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support async events (interrupts, timers, web access, UDP, ….)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Breakpoints, immediate execution of commands, display of variables, single step.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> A basic interpreter with floating point variables (double precision) and string variables, multi-dimensional arrays (float and string), user defined subroutines.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;border:none'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Access to any available I/O pin for input/output, PWM and Servo.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Errors Handling .</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support TCP (HTTP) GET and POST for communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for UDP for communications.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for sending Emails using SMTP SSL servers</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for AJAX communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#666666'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> Support for ESP-NOW communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for MQTT communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for FTP communications</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Support for RJ45 wired ethernet using W5500 module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Accompanying utility suite includes Flasher, File Manager, HTML Converter, Backup/Restore to bin or zip, integrated Serial Port Monitor, OTA (over the air) update server and UDP Console.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> IMU / AHRS Fusion algorithms 6 DOF and 9 DOF (Madgwick and Mahony)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Play MP3 or WAV sound files or streaming using a speaker or an external I2S DAC</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Text to Speech using a speaker or an external I2S DAC</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>The following devices are supported directly with dedicated commands / functions :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> DHT11, DHT21 or DHT22 Temperature / Humidity Sensors</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> DS18B20 Temperature sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> LCD HD44780 with I2C interface module (1, 2 or 4 lines with 16 or 20 chars per line)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> LCD Display based on chipset ST7920 with 128x64 pixels monochrome</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> OLED Display based on chipset SSD1306 or SH1106 with 128x64 pixels monochrome</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TFT Display at 16 bits colors based on the following chipset:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ILI9341 with 320x240 pixels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ILI9163 with several resolutions</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ST7735 with several resolutions</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ST7796 with 480x320 pixels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ILI9481 with 480x320 pixels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ILI9486 with 480x320 pixels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ILI9488 with 480x320 pixels</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TM1637 4 digits 7-segments display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> TM1638 8 digits 7-segments display including 8 leds and 8 buttons</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MAX7219 8 digits 7-segments display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MAX7219 8x8 dot matrix display modules</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Neopixel WS2812 led strips</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Neopixel WS2812 8x8 dot matrix display</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> PCA9685 PWM/SERVO module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Infrared interface with many RC protocols (transmission and reception)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> RTC module (DS1307 or DS3231)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> BNO055 Absolute Orientation Sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MPU9250 / MPU6500 IMU units</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> MPU6886 IMU unit</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> BME280 Combined humidity and pressure sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> APDS9960 Digital Proximity, Ambient Light, RGB and Gesture Sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> W5500 RJ45 wired Ethernet interface</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> VL53L0X TOF (Time Of Flight) Distance Sensor</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> RFID MFRC522 cards reader</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Any compatible I2S DAC</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal'> -<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Lora SX127x modules</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>Many ESP32 modules / units are supported and can be configured using the “CONFIG” menu:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Almost all the ESP32 modules including ESP32 devkit, ESP32 wemos mini, ESP32 lolin lite, ...</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5Stack</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5 Atom</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5 Atom matrix</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5 Atom Echo</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ESP32-CAM</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5CAMERA</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> ODROID GO</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> M5Tough</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> WIFI LORA 32</p> <h3><a name="_u1af4z6wvyc6"></a>Interpreter:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The basic interpreter works by reading a script file saved to the esp local disk filing system.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is the default mode if no external SDcard(s) are connected to the ESP32.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition, Annex32 can use an external SDcard as file system permitting up to 16Gbytes of disk space.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">During the startup, if an external SDcard is detected it will be automatically connected and used as the default file system, in which case the internal filing system will not be used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Because the ESP32 contains a good quantity of RAM, the user script is copied from the disk into a dedicated area in the RAM memory where it is executed, together with the list of the program lines, the branch labels and the list of the user defined subroutines..</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This uses more RAM compared to other approaches, but allows faster program execution.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Another performance consideration is that the ESP32 must be capable of executing several activities in the background (web server, file server, etc..) so needs sufficient free memory for running such tasks, and those parallel tasks will obviously have an impact on script performance..</p> <p class="MsoNormal">So performance-wise, the interpreter is not particularly fast, but it should be fast enough for most tasks you may require. In particular it is around 2 times faster than Annex for ESP8266, considering that many tasks can run in parallel without any appreciable performance impact (such as playing music in the background).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Basic program lines :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A typical script line should comply with the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>[label:] command [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Script lines may contain several commands on the same line if separated by the colon character "<b>:</b>".</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>[label:] command1 [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]: command2 [argument1 [,argument2 …..]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'> It must be noted that use of several commands on the same line is not recommended and will cause program errors if the line contains GOSUB or user defined subroutine calls.</span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">All program jumps (eg: GOTO, GOSUB) are referenced by their branch label names - line numbers are not referenced in scripts, they are merely available in the editor as a programming convenience if wished, and for error references.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE : The gosub and the call to user defined subroutines must be used alone on the script line.</b></p> <h3><a name="_77zgec17mf9"></a>Branch labels</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Branch labels should not be named the same as a command name, and must follow the same format as variables (see below).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A branch label definition must begin the line, and a colon ("<b>:</b>") must terminate the label definition.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Any references to the defined label (GOTOs and GOSUBs etc) do not use a colon.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="a" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse: collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>b <span style='color:red'>=</span> 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 20 : c <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 30</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> GOSUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>LABEL1: <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Label1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_8k77tvtqqzb8"></a>Variables:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The interpreter has 2 types of variables:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> Floating Point (double precision)</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> String</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Floating point variables can store numbers with decimal points; they can also store integer numbers with a precision equivalent to 32bits.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Strings contain sequences of characters (example "my program") and must be terminated by "$".</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strings are not limited in size, they are only limited by the amount of memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE: The string variables cannot contain the character with ASCII code 0 (zero) because it is used internally as an end of string delimiter.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The variables are defined as any name starting with an alpha character (a, b, ..z) followed by any alphanumeric character (a..z, 0..9); it can also include the "_" (underscore).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The case is don’t care, so ‘’Num" is equivalent to "nuM".</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The variable name length is limited to 31 characters maximum, including the "$" for the strings.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There are no limits in terms of number of variables; the only limit is the RAM memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="a0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>NUM <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 10.56</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>myString$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"this is My String"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>this_is_my_value$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ESP8266"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>number <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 8826621</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Numeric variables and string variables are managed separately so the same name can be used; this means that <b>A</b> and <b>A$</b> are different variables that can coexist at the same time (even if this could lead to confusion).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Constants:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The numeric constants can have the following format :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A = 5 : Z = 1.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>B = 1.23456E5 -> same as 123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>C = 1.23456E+5 -> same as 123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>D = 1.23456E-3 -> same as 0.00123456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The string constants are simply defined as a text between quotes:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"This is my string"</span> : B$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"another string"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strings can include the character " (quote) simply typing it two times :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"this is ""MY"" string"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b>|</b> (vertical bar) can also be used as a string literal.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This permit to include the " (quote) easily inside a string constant :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|this is a "string" constant|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The hexadecimal constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&h</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>hABCD -> equivalent of decimal 43981 (hexadecimal constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>hA0 -> equivalent of decimal 160</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The binary constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&b</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>b00000101 -> equivalent of decimal 5 (binary constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>b10000001 -> equivalent of decimal 129</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The octal constants can be defined simply prefixing it with <b>&o</b> :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>E <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>o377 -> equivalent of decimal 255 (octal constant)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>F <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span>o17 -> equivalent of decimal 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_es06y8q47vwn"></a><span style= 'color:#434343'>Arrays</span>:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Arrays are defined using the <b>DIM</b> command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Their names follow the same rules as the regular variables and are followed by parenthesis (brackets) containing the index. The subscript always starts from 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The scope of the Arrays is always global (see next paragraph).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM A(100)</span></b> define a floating point array with 101 elements (index from 0 to 100)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM ABC$(50</span></b>) define a string array with 51 elements (index from 0 to 50)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>A(15) = 1234.5678</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>ABC$(49) = "Hi friend!"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The arrays can have up to 5 subscripts (dimensions), examples:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM A(50,50)</span></b> -> create a floating point array with 51*51 elements (2601)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>DIM J$(4, 4, 4)</span></b> -> create a string array with 5 * 5 * 5 elements (125)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Notice that declaring a multi-dimensional array with multiple subscripts uses elements for every <a>possible</a><a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_1" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_1','_com_1')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_1')" href="start.htm#_msocom_1" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_1">[1]</a> <a class= "msocomanchor" id="_anchor_2" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_2','_com_2')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_2')" href="start.htm#_msocom_2" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_2">[2]</a> <a class= "msocomanchor" id="_anchor_3" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_3','_com_3')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_3')" href="start.htm#_msocom_3" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_3">[3]</a> combination of subscripts, whereas in practice it may be preferable to declare multiple arrays with the same subscript, eg:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>users=4</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>DIM Name$(users)</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>DIM Address$(users)</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>DIM Tel$(users)</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Which only uses 5 + 5 + 5 elements (15)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>NOTE:</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>The numerical Arrays are always initialised at 0 with the command DIM.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>The string Arrays are always initialised as null string with the command DIM.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>There are no limits to the number of arrays or their size, the only restriction is the RAM memory available.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The arrays can be re-dimensioned using the same command DIM.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case all the existing elements will maintain the previous value except the new elements that will be initialised at 0 or null string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i>Example :</i></b></p> <table class="a1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' all the elements are initialised at 0</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' print 123</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>10<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' print the same value 123</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>10<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' print 0</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition the elements of the arrays can be initialised with a given value during the command <b>DIM</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> A<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 <span style='color:#99CC00'>' set A(0)= 0, A(1)= 1, A(2)=2, ….</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The same can be done with string arrays.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example :</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF; background:white'> DIM</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> A$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"zero"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"one"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"two"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"three"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"four"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"five"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i> </i></b></p> <h3><a name="_b0a3hmbb9fak"></a>Scope of the variables:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Variables and arrays defined in the main code are global, therefore any variable is accessible from any part of the code after it has been previously defined there.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Variables and arrays defined inside “user defined” subroutine (SUB) are visible only inside that sub and inside all the code called by that subroutine; their content (and their memory space) is removed at the end of the SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The LOCAL command permits defining local variables inside of "user defined" subroutines; this permits to use the same name of an “already existing” variable locally without modifying the original.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As for all the variables defined inside SUB, they will disappear at the end of the subroutine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="a2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>B <span style='color:red'>=</span> 20</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>C <span style='color:red'>=</span> 30</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>mysub <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Hello"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A,B, C</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>mysub<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>a$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>LOCAL</span> A,B</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> B <span style='color:red'>=</span> 456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> C <span style='color:red'>=</span> 789</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> D <span style='color:red'>=</span> 8888</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> A$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this example, calling the user-defined subroutine "mysub" will not modify the content of the global variables A and B (defined locally) but will modify the content of the variable C (not defined locally) and the variable D will disappear at the end of the SUB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_u8l0fzafljm1"></a>Bases of the language</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The keywords recognized by the interpreter can be defined into 3 classes:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Operators</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Commands</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>●<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Functions</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Operators are symbols that tell the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Commands and Functions both execute an action, but functions also return a data value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> PRINT</span></b>is a command and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> SIN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>()</span></b> is a function whereas the ‘+’ in <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> b <span style='color:red'>+</span> 5</span></b> is an operator.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The string functions are always followed by the "<b>$</b>" symbol if they return a string value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In addition to commands and functions there are all the internal interpreter internal commands that are part of the language itself.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_gtlb97rcvmzn"></a>OPERATORS AND PRECEDENCE</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The following operators are available. These are listed in the following tables by order of precedence. Operators on the same line are processed with a left to right precedence.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Arithmetic operators:</p> <table class="a3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>^</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Power</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>* / \ MOD</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Multiplication, division, integer division and modulo (remainder of the division)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="156" valign="top" style= 'width:117.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>+ -</span></b></p> </td> <td width="549" valign="top" style= 'width:411.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Addition and subtraction</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Shift operators:</p> <table class="a4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "706" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="155" valign="top" style= 'width:116.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>x << y </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>x >> y</span></b></p> </td> <td width="551" valign="top" style= 'width:413.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>These operate in a special way. << means that the value returned will be the value of x shifted by y bits to the left while >> means the same only right shifted. They are integer functions and any bits shifted off are discarded and any bits introduced are set to zero.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information about the kinds of bitwise shifts, see <a href= "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_shift"><span style= 'color:#00709F'>Bitwise shifts</span></a><span style= 'color:#2A2A2A'>.</span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Logical operators:</p> <table class="a5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "706" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'><> < > <=</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'> => =</span></b></p> </td> <td width="552" valign="top" style= 'width:414.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Not Equal, less than, greater than, less than or equal to,</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>greater than or equal to, equal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>AND OR NOT XOR</span></b></p> </td> <td width="552" valign="top" style= 'width:414.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Conjunction, disjunction, negation, Exclusive OR</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">String operators:</p> <table class="a6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'><> < > <=</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'> >= =</span></b></p> </td> <td width="553" valign="top" style= 'width:414.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Not Equal, less than, greater than, less than or equal to,</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>greater than or equal to, equal</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="152" valign="top" style= 'width:114.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>+ &</span></b></p> </td> <td width="553" valign="top" style= 'width:414.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Add strings together</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Bitwise operators:</p> <table class="a7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "705" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="154" valign="top" style= 'width:115.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#EFEFEF;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>AND OR XOR NOT</span></b></p> </td> <td width="551" valign="top" style= 'width:413.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Binary AND, binary OR, binary exclusive OR, binary negation</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information about the bitwise operators, see <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style='color:#1155CC'>Bitwise Operators</span></a></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The operators AND, OR and XOR are integer bitwise operators. For example PRINT (3 AND 6) will output 2.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Expressions beginning with open parenthesis ‘(‘ are always considered numerical but the parser is able to determine if an expression is true or false even if the expression represents a string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Each expression representing a comparison, returns a numerical value of 1 if the expression is true or 0 if false.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>10 = 10</span></b> represents a value of 1 whereas <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>10 = 5</span></b> represents a value of 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The same logic is applied for string expressions where <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"abc" = "abc"</span></b> represents a value of 1 and <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>"abc" = "def"</span></b> represents a value of 0.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is very useful in the IF command and also in other expressions.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example the following code :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="a8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>A$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>If</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>A$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>then</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>pin</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Else</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>pin</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>End</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>if</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Can be replaced by</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>pin</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"on"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The strings can also be compared to determine the alphabetical order.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To see whether a string is greater than another, Annex uses the so-called “ASCII” order.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In other words, strings are compared letter-by-letter.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">For example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal">(<b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"Z" > "A")</span></b> is true</p> <p class="MsoNormal">(<b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"Glow" > "Glee")</span></b> is true</p> <p class="MsoNormal">(<b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"Bee" > "Be")</span></b> is true</p> <p class="MsoNormal">(<b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"Bas" > "Bat")</span></b> is false</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The algorithm to compare two strings is simple:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Compare the first character of both strings.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the first character from the first string is greater (or less) than the other string, then the first string is greater (or less) than the second. We’re done.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Otherwise, if both strings’ first characters are the same, compare the second characters the same way.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Repeat until the end of either string.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If both strings end at the same length, then they are equal. Otherwise, the longer string is greater.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In the examples above, the comparison <b><span style='font-family:Consolas'>"Z" > "A"</span></b> gets to a result at the first step while the strings<b><span style= 'font-family: Consolas'>"Glow"</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-family:Consolas'>"Glee"</span></b> are compared character-by-character:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> G is the same as G.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> l is the same as l.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> o is greater than e. Stop here. The first string is greater.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The comparison algorithm given above is roughly equivalent to the one used in dictionaries or phone books, but it’s not exactly the same.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">For instance, case matters. A capital letter "A" is not equal to the lowercase "a". Which one is greater?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The lowercase "a". Why? Because the lowercase character has a greater index in the ASCII table.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_e6pajiyir608"></a>Basic internal keywords:</h3> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_bmb9sfr6mect"></a>IF command :</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The IF can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>1)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN statement</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>2)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN statement1 ELSE statement 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:18.0pt'>3)<span style= 'font-size:7.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span> IF expression THEN</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.0pt'>Statements</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> ELSE</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-left:71.0pt'>Statements</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> END IF</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <table class="a9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>a <span style='color:red'>></span> 100 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>b <span style='color:red'><</span>a <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>c <span style='color:red'>></span> d <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"C"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"is greater"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> ELSE</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"D"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"is greater"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> IF</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' (can also be ENDIF without space between END and IF)</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal">When the conditional is all on one line it does not need terminating with an END IF</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a<span style='color:red'>=</span>2</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"not ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:red'>AND</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:red'>OR</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b> keywords can be used between the expressions <b>as long as they are in parenthesis</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>a<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>b<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Or</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>((</span>a<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>b<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>3<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>AND</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>c <span style='color:red'>=</span> 3<span style='color:#2266FF'>))</span> <span style= 'color:red'>OR</span> <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>d<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The IF can be nested</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>2 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>IF</span> b <span style='color:red'>=</span> 2 <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>IF</span> c <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 3 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"ok"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>END</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>IF</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>END</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>IF</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> IF</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The “THEN” keyword can eventually be removed, even if this is not recommended.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style= 'color:red'>></span> 100 <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>else</span> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_g2hvmotv5wze"></a>FOR loop</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> loop can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>variable<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>init_value <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>to</span> end_value <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span><span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> value<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>variable</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The ‘step’ value can be positive or negative</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 1, 2, 3, 4, 5</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 3 <span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>3 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>step</span> <span style= 'color:red'>-</span>0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> can be used to exit from the loop at any time:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 50</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>10 <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"end of loop"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Optionally,</b> the variable in the <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b> statement can be omitted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This means that this program is valid :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i<span style= 'color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>NEXT</span></b></p> <h4><a name="_zgyf8uq8sci4"></a>WHILE WEND loop</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></span></b> loop can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The loop is iterated as long as the expression is true</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'><</span> 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>Print</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> i <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>WEND</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 0, 1, 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_3pmfjabxk9qp"></a>DO LOOP loop</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style='color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></span></b> can have one of the following 4 syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>WHILE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>DO</span></span></b> can be used to exit from the loop at any time</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> i <span style= 'color:red'>></span>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Will print 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>DO</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> i <span style='color:red'>+</span> 0.5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-indent:36.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>i <span style= 'color:red'>></span> 2 <span style='color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>DO</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> i <span style= 'color:red'>></span>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will print 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_ah4tyxxppzkp"></a>SELECT CASE</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b>can have the following syntax:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> expression</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> exp1 <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> exp2 TO exp3 <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> exp4 <span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>,exp5<span style='color:#2266FF'>]</span>, ... <span style='color:#2266FF'>[</span>: Statements<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> Statements</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> a</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case 1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>2 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 2"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>3 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 3"</span> : <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"can continue on same line"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>4 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 4"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"can continue also on next line"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span>:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case else"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Multiple cases:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 4</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>CASE</span> a</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>1 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>2, 3, 5 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 2 or 3 or 5"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>4 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 4"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>6 TO 8 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 6 to 8"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>9 TO 20 : <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"case 9 to 20"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> CASE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>ELSE</span>:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"case else"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SELECT</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_333u8ir4ie4r"></a>GOTO</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b>can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>LABEL | LAB$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>></span> 5 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span> LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>LABEL1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"This is label1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The goto must be considered as an obsolete command and is provided just for backward compatibility with old style Basic programs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_oi4j02h7jqt7"></a>GOSUB</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The <b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span></b>can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>[</span>LABEL | LAB$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>]</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The called function must terminate with the command <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>=</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a <span style='color:red'>></span> 5 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>GOSUB</span> LABEL1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>END</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>LABEL1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"This is label1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_e39447gmseqh"></a>DATA</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">The command DATA is used to store constant information in the program code, and is associated with the command <a href="https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/READ"><span style= 'color:windowtext; text-decoration:none'>READ</span></a>. Each DATA-line can contain one or more constants separated by commas. Expressions containing variables will be also evaluated here.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The goal of the DATA is to avoid repetitive variable assignation lines, in particular for arrays.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:4.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm;background:white'> The DATA values will be read from left to right, beginning with the first line containing a DATA statement. Each time a READ instruction is executed the saved DATA position of the last READ is advanced to the next value. Strings must be written in quotes like string constants. The command <a href= "https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/RESTORE_(BASIC)"><b><span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>RESTORE</span></b></a> resets the pointer of the current DATA position, so the next READ will read from the first DATA found from the beginning of the program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:4.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm;background:white'> In case READ uses the wrong variable type the error message "<b>Type mismatch</b>" appears while referring to the line number containing the READ statement that triggered the condition.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">DATA lines may be scattered throughout the whole program code, but for the sake of clarity they would be better kept together at the beginning of the program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:9.5pt; line-height:115%;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The DATA can have the following syntax :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>DATA const1 [,const2] …..</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The constants can be Numerical or String.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DATA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 55.88, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"constant"</span>, 99</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> READ</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A, B, C$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A, B, C$, D</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example without DATA:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Red"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>2<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Green"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>3<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Blue"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>4<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Yellow"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Magenta"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Same example but using DATA:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> DATA</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Red"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Green"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Blue"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Yellow"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Magenta"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>colors$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>5<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> For</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i<span style='color:red'>=</span>1 <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> 5</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>Read</span> colors$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>i<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Next</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b> </b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><i> </i></p> <h4><a name="_y59skk5kzat1"></a>END</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Define the end of the program. With this command the program stops.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It can also be :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END IF</span></b> -> close the IF command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END SELECT</span></b> -> closes the SELECT CASE command</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END SUB</span></b> -> closes the user defined SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_qeitx9gebbvn"></a>EXIT</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Permit to exit from a loop or a user defined SUB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The syntax is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT DO</span></b> -> exit from a DO loop</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>FOR</span></b> -> exit from a FOR loop</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> -> exit from a user defined SUB.</p> <h4><a name="_arwrgf82b41"></a>SUB</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Define a user-defined subroutine, which the script can use like a command or function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>User-defined subroutines are effectively additional commands, so cannot be used as branch labels.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Permit to create a user defined command with optional parameters.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The syntax is SUB subname[(arg1 [,arg2] …)]</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The variables are passed by reference; this means that the arguments, if modified inside the subroutine, will modify the original variable. This can be useful to return values from the subroutine (acting like a function).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It is possible to pass arrays using the syntax <b>array_name()</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Using the <b>LOCAL</b> command will permit to define local variables (useful to avoid to modify existing global variables).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 1 : routine cube</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ab" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>cube<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>x<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> <span style= 'color:blue'>PRINT</span> X <span style= 'color:red'>^</span>3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>cube 3 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' will print 27</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 2: routine cube with returning argument</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ac" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>cube<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>x,y<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> y <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> x <span style= 'color:red'>^</span>3 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' the value is returned using the 2nd argument</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>END</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>SUB</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>ret <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>cube 5, ret</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>ret <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 125</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 3: routine with local variables and returning argument</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ad" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>left_trim<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>s$, ret$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>LOCAL</span> i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>DO</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>UNTIL</span> i <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:fuchsia'>len</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>s$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> IF</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> mid$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>s$, i, 1<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'><></span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>" "</span> <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>THEN</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>EXIT</span> <span style='color:#8866FF'>DO</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> i <span style='color:red'>=</span> i <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#8866FF'>LOOP</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> ret$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>mid$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>s$, i<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>z$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>""</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> FOR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1 <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>to</span> 3</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> left_trim <span style='color:#FFAA00'>" remove space from left "</span>, z$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>PRINT</span> z$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"--"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> NEXT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>i</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will print</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>remove space from left --</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As you can see in this example, the variable i in the FOR loop is not modified by the LOCAL variable i in the subroutine.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Example 4: pass arrays</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="ae" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pass_array<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>f<span style='color:#2266FF'>()</span>, c$<span style='color:#2266FF'>())</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>myArray<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>10<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>myArray<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 456<span style= 'color:#2266FF'> </span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>Print</span> f<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, c$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span>, myArray<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> f<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 123</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> c$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"myText"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> END</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#8866FF'> SUB</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>alpha<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>10<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Dim</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>beta$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>10<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>alpha<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> 456</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>beta$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>0<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"testme"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>Pass_array alpha<span style='color:#2266FF'>()</span>, beta$<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>()</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>alpha<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, beta$<span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>1<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In this example, the array <b>alfa()</b> is passed locally to the array <b>f()</b> and the array <b>beta$()</b> is passed locally to the array <b>c$()</b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Modifying locally these arrays change the value of the original one as their content is passed by reference.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The array “<b>myArray</b>” will disappear at the end of the SUB</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_5ri4wy3wmubn"></a>Logical / boolean Operations</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As the numerical variables are stored internally as double precision floating numbers, it is possible to store numbers with a precision equivalent to 32 bits.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Several boolean operators are available to manipulate these numbers..</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The first operator is the bit shift; it can be shift left <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> <<</span></b> or shift right <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>>></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This operator permits to shift the number of a specified number of positions to left or right.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'><<</span> 3 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' will print 8</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 16</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>>></span> 2 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' will print 4</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The operators <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>AND</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:red'> OR</span></b> , <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> XOR</span></b> are also available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>AND</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 8</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>OR</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 31</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 24</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 15</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>XOR</span> B <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print 23</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The unary operator <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>NOT</span></b> is also available. It inverts all the bits from 0 to 1:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> Hex$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:red'>NOT</span> A<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' will print FFFFFFFF</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For a 32 bits number, assuming 4 bytes ABCD where A is the MSB and D the LSB, the bytes can be extracted as follows :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'color:#222222'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>VAR <span style='color:red'>= &</span>h12345678 <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' this is a 32 bits variable</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'color:#222222'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>D = VAR <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>C = (VAR >> 8) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>B = (VAR >> 16) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>A = (VAR >> 24) <span style='color:red'>AND &</span>hFF</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>For more information, see <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style='color:#1155CC'>Bitwise</span></a> <a href= "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#Bitwise_operators"> <span style= 'color:windowtext;text-decoration:none'>Operators</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_34rf70y7i5hp"></a>ERRORS HANDLING</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">Annex allows to control and manage errors that occur during the execution of the code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is managed with the command ONERROR.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command defines what action is taken when an error occurs, and applies to all errors, including syntax errors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be used in different ways, as specified in the table below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="af" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width= "718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>FUNCTIONS / COMMANDS</b></p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>DESCRIPTION</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b> <a name="_3nwenpgmwm2y"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>ABORT</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Displays the error message then aborts the program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This is the normal behaviour and is the default when a program starts running.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b><a name="_5ftfjl8c3qc5"></a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>IGNORE</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Any error will be simply ignored.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">As this can make it very difficult to debug a program it should be used wisely.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b><a name="_fcq6cfkb45j1"></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>SKIP [nn]</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Ignore an error in the next command(s) executed after the current command (the number of skipped commands depends on whether the number ‘nn’ is specified).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">'nn' is optional, the default is 1 if not specified.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">After the number of skipped commands has completed (with an error or not) the behaviour will revert to ONERROR ABORT.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b><a name="_9wwsn0xv7b93"></a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>CLEAR</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Reset the eventual pending error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b><a name="_osjf8t4ffrqc"></a> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>GOTO [label | OFF]</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Jumps to the error handling routine defined by the label.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be removed (hence reverting to ONERROR ABORT) replacing the label with OFF.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using RETURN inside the error handling routine will continue the execution on the line following the error.</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">When an error occurs, the following constants are available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="af0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>CONSTANT</b></p> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>DESCRIPTION</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ERRLINE</span></b><a name="_3zkg4zgi5im"></a></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Returns the line number where the error happened. Value of 0 means no error.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>It is reset to 0 with the command ONERROR CLEAR or running the program or with the command ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'>BAS.ERRNUM</span></b><a name="_6fuiq94q1ccx"></a></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Returns a number where non zero means that there was an error.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>It is reset to 0 with the command ONERROR CLEAR or running the program or with the command ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="249" valign="top" style= 'width:186.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node0" id="node0"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BAS.ERRMSG$<a name="_xn9lgu76ifr0"></a></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="469" valign="top" style= 'width:351.75pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Return a string representing the error message that would have normally been displayed on the console. It is reset to “No Error” running the program or with the command ONERROR CLEAR or ONERROR IGNORE or ONERROR SKIP.</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example of error handling using the command ONERROR GOTO :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONERROR</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>GOTO</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Error_Handler</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"start"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>3<span style= 'color:red'>/</span>0<span style='color:blue'> </span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' this generates a divide by zero error</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>space$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>60000<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' this generates an out of memory error</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>End</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Error_Handler:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error text "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>; <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>BAS.ErrMsg$</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error num "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>; <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>BAS.ErrNum</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Error line "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>; <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>BAS.ErrLine</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' returns to the line following the error</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_692eus5qh397"></a>HOW the interpreter works with the HTML code and Objects :</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When a client connects to the module using its IP address, the module will redirect automatically to the url ‘/output?menu’, which sends an empty html page present on the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>That page contains a bunch of javascript code permitting to interface the page with the module using javascript.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="676" height="248" id="image106.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image001.gif" alt="image" name= "image106.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This page will automatically open a websocket connection with the module; the "squared led" indicates if the connection was successful (green) or not (red).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A mechanism of ping - pong has been implemented into the javascript in order to hold the connection alive all the time. If the connection is lost, the page will try to reconnect automatically without any manual action.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The button "reconnect" permits to force the reconnection if the automatic reconnection fails.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as the connection is done with the module, the html page is ready to send and receive messages to / from the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Initially the page is empty but its content can be easily filled.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To send HTML code to the page, the command HTML is used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The syntax is : HTML HTML code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example the line</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono";color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Hello, world <br>This is my first html content<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will give this result :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="679" height="249" id="image24.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image002.gif" alt="image" name= "image24.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Continuing with the HTML command, the content can be improved :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Textbox: <input type='text'><br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="679" height="249" id="image115.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image003.gif" alt="image" name= "image115.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Continuing again:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button: <button type='button'>Click Here</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><span style= 'font-size:10.5pt; line-height:115%;color:#8D9AA5;background:#ECF0F1'> <img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image167.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image004.gif" alt="image" name= "image167.png" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>All the html code can be combined and sent with just one HTML command; this is much faster:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Hello, world <br>This is my first html content<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color: red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Textbox: <input type='text'><br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color: red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button: <button type='button'>Click Here</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family: "Roboto Mono";color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>To clear the content of the page, the command is:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="685" height="251" id="image157.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image005.gif" alt="image" name= "image157.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we can try another example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image131.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image006.gif" alt="image" name= "image131.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we will try to style the buttons using css.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This can be done using command CSS CSSID$()</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example the line</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>CSSID$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Will give this result :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="683" height="250" id="image73.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image007.gif" alt="image" name= "image73.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Combining with the style for the other button:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"; color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style='font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="677" height="248" id="image45.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image008.gif" alt="image" name= "image45.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A set of functions is included to simplify the creation of HTML pages as we will see later, so no need to worry if you are not familiar with writing HTML code.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now we will mention an important ‘event’ that can be used to automatically fill the content of the page each time a client connects to the module : <b><span style='color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This ‘event’ defines a place where the program will jump to as soon as a Websocket connection request is accepted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s clarify with an example :</p> <table class="af3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page ‘will jump <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> Fill_Page when the page is reloaded</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page <span style='color:#99CC00'>'load the page for the first time</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> ‘<span style='color:blue'>pause</span> waiting <span style= 'color:#8866FF'>for</span> the event</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page: ‘place where the page begins <span style='color:#8866FF'>to</span> be created</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>RETURN</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image183.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image009.gif" alt="image" name= "image183.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now try to play with the button "Reconnect"; you’ll see that, at each time the page reconnects to the module, the HTML content is built and sent again. This ensures that each time a client connects to the module it will receive the correct content. At the same time, if other clients are already connected, the content of all the pages will be refreshed simultaneously. This ensures a synchronized content between all the clients.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_wzim76bhnk4o"></a>HTML Objects</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As said previously, in order to simplify the creation of HTML pages there are several functions available which can generate the html code automatically.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s start with the button.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>A button is an object that is used to trigger an action each time it is pressed on the web page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The function is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BUTTON$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s explain with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> BUTTON$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span>, jump1<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Clicked on Button1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="681" height="249" id="image17.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image010.gif" alt="image" name= "image17.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Try clicking on the button then checking the result in the terminal console; the message "Clicked on Button1" will be shown at each click.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="343" height="257" id="image47.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image011.gif" alt="image" name= "image47.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>To style the button, we need to modify the syntax of the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b> command slightly; in fact we need to add another parameter to give the button an ID:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span>, jump1, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CSS</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>'the same ID is used here</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Clicking on the button now will change its color to red</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image171.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image012.gif" alt="image" name= "image171.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Now we can now introduce the LED object. The LED object is a circle that can be filled in red or green depending on the content of a variable. The function is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>LED$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As usual, let’s start with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>led <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 1 ‘this is the variable associated with the LED. With 0 the led is red, with 1 the led is green</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> LED$</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>(</span>led<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="248" id="image66.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image013.gif" alt="image" name= "image66.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Let’s also add a button :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>led <span style='color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span>, jump1, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>LED$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>led<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Clicked on Button1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>led <span style='color:red'>=</span> 1 <span style='color:red'>-</span> led <span style='color:#99CC00'>' invert the variable</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>REFRESH</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#99CC00'>' refresh (update) the variables between the code and the html</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The result will be:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id="image8.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image014.gif" alt="image" name= "image8.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Clicking on the button will toggle the led between red and green colors.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>REFRESH</span></b> permits to update (synchronize) the variables in the code with the corresponding objects variables on the web page. It should be run each time a variable is modified.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As a simpler alternative, the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>AUTOREFRESH</span></b> will regularly sync the variables.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The command must be run with the desired refresh timing.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>AutoRefresh 500 will refresh the variables each 500 milliseconds.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><s>The interval should not be less than 300 milliseconds (otherwise the module will be too busy).</s></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>led <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 0</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Button1"</span>, jump1, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>' "but1" is the ID</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>LED$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>led<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>AutoRefresh</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>300 <span style='color:#99CC00'>'sync each 300 milliseconds</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PRINT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Clicked on Button1"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>led <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 1 <span style='color:red'>-</span> led <span style='color:#99CC00'>' invert the variable</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The result will be the same as the previous example.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Now it’s time to introduce another object; the TEXTBOX with the corresponding function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>TEXTBOX$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The TEXTBOX will display a ‘text box’ on the web page which is linked with a variable. When the variable is modified in the code, the TEXTBOX content will be updated on the web page, and vice-versa.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>This lets us introduce another ‘event’, the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This ‘event’ defines a branch for the program to jump to whenever a variable is modified inside the web page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>As usual, let’s start with an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="af9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>text$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Change me, please"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> TEXTBOX$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>text$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Jump1 <span style='color: #99CC00'>'will jump to Jump1 when a variable changes on the web page</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>text$ <span style='color:#99CC00'>'print the content of the variable inside the terminal console</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#666666; background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="681" height="249" id="image182.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image015.gif" alt="image" name= "image182.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Try now to change the content of the textbox and press "Enter" on the keyboard.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>Let’s see the result in the terminal console:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="682" height="250" id="image86.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image016.gif" alt="image" name= "image86.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><img border="0" width="343" height="257" id="image58.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image017.gif" alt="image" name= "image58.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>With the concepts already learned you’ll be able to use the other objects using the similar logic.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to the pages below to understand the syntax of each object.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name= "_wh9wilobh0gv"></a>TIMERS</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">A timer is an "object" that permits the execution of a particular action at regular intervals.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When the given time expires, the normal execution of the program is interrupted while control is passed to the "timer interrupt routine" until after the execution of the return command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Then the program continues from the point where it was interrupted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s explain with an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="afa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>timer0</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>1000, mytimer</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>mytimer:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>wlog</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"mytimer "</span> <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>time$</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Annex WI-Fi Basic implements 2 timers, Timer0 and Timer1.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The Timer0 has a higher priority against Timer1.</p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name= "_mdwnectyglzy"></a><a>EVENTS</a><a class="msocomanchor" id= "_anchor_4" onmouseover="msoCommentShow('_anchor_4','_com_4')" onmouseout="msoCommentHide('_com_4')" href="start.htm#_msocom_4" language="JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_4">[4]</a> </h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Many of the actions are not executed directly by basic commands but can be executed as asynchronous events.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>An "event" is simply an action that can be executed when something happens.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>For example, pin change interrupts are asynchronous events which can happen at any time without user control.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In order to manage the events, a list of commands "ONxxxx" is provided. These commands define the place where the normal execution of the program will branch to when the event occurs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>So, when the "event" happens, the basic interpreter interrupts the normal execution of the code and "jumps" to the location defined by the corresponding command "ONxxx". As soon as the code associated with the "event" is terminated with the command "return", the basic interpreter continues from the previous interrupted location.</p> <h4><a name="_d4ue75yf2nol"></a>Button Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This is a special event that happens every time a<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>BUTTON$</span></b> object is clicked in the HTML pages.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When this happens, a special variable <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:#FF5500'> HtmlEventButton$</span></b> is created containing the name of the button that was clicked.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is useful to determine the button within a group of buttons.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s see an example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>Button$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"ON"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>buttonEvent<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>" "</span> <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>Button$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"OFF"</span><span style='color:blue'>,</span> buttonEvent<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>buttonEvent<span style= 'color:blue'>:</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"You clicked on "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>HtmlEventButton$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_pk0nh1reflph"></a>OnHtmlChange Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is triggered when an object present in the HTML output page changes its value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is useful to make actions when something changes in the HTML Pages.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>When this event happens, a special variable <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> HtmlEventVar$</span></b> is created containing the name of the variable that changed its value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is useful to determine the object that generated the event.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afc" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>text$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Change me, please"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> TEXTBOX$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>text$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlChange</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Jump1 <span style='color: #99CC00'>'will jump to Jump1 when a variable changes on the web page</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Jump1:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>text$ <span style='color:#99CC00'>'print the content of the variable inside the terminal console</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Note that the special variable <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> HtmlEventVar$</span></b> is only created when the OnHtmlChange event populates it due to a html object change, therefore it will cause an error if tested for before an object is changed unless specifically defined beforehand, eg: HtmlEventVar$ = “” </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_u41hdiv8zcws"></a>OnHtmlReloadEvent</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is triggered when a Websocket connection request is accepted.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This can be used to automatically fill the content of the WEB page each time a client connects to the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afd" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>OnHtmlReload</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page <span style='color:#99CC00'>'will jump to Fill_Page when the page is reloaded</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>gosub</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page <span style='color:#99CC00'>'load the page for the first time</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'pause waiting for the event</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>Fill_Page: <span style='color:#99CC00'>'place where the page begins to be created</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>CLS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Now style me, please<br>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button1: <button id='but1' type='button'>ON</button> "</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"Button2: <button id='but2' type='button'>OFF</button>"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but1"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: red;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>cssid$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style='color:#FFAA00'>"but2"</span>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>"background-color: green;"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>HTML</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_lzensqv6x2uc"></a>OnInfrared Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a code is received by the infrared receiver.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to chapter <a href="start.htm#_exnbwl5zooat"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>INFRARED INTERFACE</span></a> for more details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <h4><a name="_759a1crrp42l"></a>OnSerial Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a message is received on the serial port.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="afe" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "Ram Available "</span>; <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>ramfree</span><br /> <span style='color:blue'>onserial</span> rec1<br /> <span style='color:#8866FF'>wait</span><br /> <br /> rec1:<br /> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'print serial.</span><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>input</span><span style= 'color:#99CC00'>$</span><br /> <span style='color:blue'>print</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>serial.chr$</span>;<br /> <span style='color:#8866FF'>return</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_49h062rscxn2"></a>OnSerial2 Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a message is received on the serial port #2.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> serial2.mode</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>9600, 2, 5 <span style='color:#99CC00'>' set serial port #2 to 9600 pin 2 TX, pin 5 RX</span><br /> <span style='color:blue'>print2</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Ram Available "</span>; <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>ramfree</span><br /> <span style='color:blue'>onserial2</span> rec2<br /> <span style='color:#8866FF'>wait</span><br /> <br /> rec2:<br /> <span style='color:#99CC00'>print serial2.</span><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>input</span><span style= 'color:#99CC00'>$</span><br /> <span style='color:#8866FF'>return</span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_olgad0u56pmw"></a>OnTouch Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when the TFT screen is touched.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Refer to the chapter <a href="start.htm#_rb50gemnou4x"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>TouchScreen</span></a> for more details.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_f7euacpiow78"></a>OnUDP Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a UDP message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> udp.begin</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 5001 </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'set the UDP commmunication using port 5001</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> onudp</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> goudp<br /></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'Write several messages to the port</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> <br /> for i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> 0 to 100<br /> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> udp.write</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "192.168.1.44"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>, 5001,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "Hello "</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> +</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> str$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>i</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'><br /> next i<br /> wait<br /> <br /> goudp:<br /> v$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> udp.read$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#99CC00'> 'receive the UDP data</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> v$<br /> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_js28bcuvkx1g"></a>OnWgetAsync Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a WgetAsync message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This is associated with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WGETASYNC</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>The goal of the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WGETASYNC</span></b> command is to start a html get request without the module having to wait for the answer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Because the response is async, this command specifies the location where the program should branch to when a message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff1" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>ONWGETASYNC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>answer_done</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>WGETASYNC</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"www.fakeresponse.com/api/?sleep=5"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>, 80</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>For i</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>0 to 10000</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' a kind of sleep just to demonstrate that the code continue to run</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Next i</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>answer_done:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>WGETRESULT$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>Return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_4guifech0x6q"></a>OnUrlMessage Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered as soon as a web client requests for a web page with the url composed with <b><i>http://local_ip/msg?param=value</i></b>. This kind of request is typically called an AJAX request as it permits to exchange in both directions between the client (the web browser) and the server (the ESP module).</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>In fact, in the url request, the client can send parameters in the form of couples of "param=value" separated by the character "&". For example, if the client wants to send 2 parameters, it can send the following request :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i>http://local_ip/msg?param1=value1&param2=value2.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as this message is received by the ESP module, the event OnUrlMessage is triggered; this means that the program will continue from the location defined by the command OnUrlMessage.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As soon as the message is received, the parameters sent by the client can be got with the function UrlMsgGet$ and a message can be sent back to the client with the command UrlMsgReturn.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Let’s see an example :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff2" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onUrlMessage</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>urlAjax</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>urlAjax:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>wlog</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"message received "</span> <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"a"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>" "</span> <span style='color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>UrlMsgReturn</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"Message sent back "</span> <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>time$</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span><span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, <span style='color:fuchsia'>ramfree</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Now using another web browser window, let’s type the following url :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> <b><i>http://esp_local_ip/msg?a=10&b=20</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>As you can see in the following picture, the message is received by the ESP module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="621" height="582" id="image1.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image018.gif" alt="image" name= "image1.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>At the same time, the client receives the message sent back from the ESP module</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="718" height="261" id="image55.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image019.gif" alt="image" name= "image55.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>If the program is stopped, the module will answer with the message "STOPPED"</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><img border="0" width="718" height="256" id="image4.png" src= "Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image020.gif" alt="image" name= "image4.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Now, let’s see a more complete example :</p> <table class="aff3" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>cls</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this is the default value for pwm out</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>R <span style='color:red'>=</span> 512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>G <span style='color:red'>=</span> 512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>B <span style='color:red'>=</span> 512</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Setup the pwm channels</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>12, 1, R, 10000, 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>15, 1, G, 10000, 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.SETUP</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>13, 1, B, 10000, 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'Set the default values</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>1, R</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>2, G</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>3, B</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' these are the sliders</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>""</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|R <input type="range" id="dimmer_R" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>str$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>R<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|G <input type="range" id="dimmer_G" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>str$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>G<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|B <input type="range" id="dimmer_B" oninput="setPWM()" onclick="setPWM()" min="0" max="1023" value="|</span> <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>str$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>B<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|"/><br>|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> a$ <span style= 'color:red'>+</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|<input type='text' id="txbox" value='---'>|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>html</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>a$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'this is the javascript "AJAX" code</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|function setPWM() {|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|r=_$("dimmer_R").value;|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|g=_$("dimmer_G").value;|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|b=_$("dimmer_B").value;|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|var xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|xmlHttp.open("GET", "msg?r=" + r +"&g=" + g +"&b=" + b, false);|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|xmlHttp.send(null);|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|r = xmlHttp.responseText;|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>|_$("txbox").value = r;|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> fun$ <span style= 'color:red'>&</span> <span style='color:#FFAA00'>|return r;}|</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>' this is where the javascript code is inserted into the html</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>jscript</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>fun$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'>'this is where the prog will jump on slider change</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>onUrlMessage</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>message:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>print</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>()</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>1, <span style='color:fuchsia'>val</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"r"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>))</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>2, <span style='color:fuchsia'>val</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"g"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>))</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>PWM.OUT</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>3, <span style='color:fuchsia'>val</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"b"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>))</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>UrlMsgReturn</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'><span style= 'color:#FF5500'>UrlMsgGet$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>()</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal;border:none'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Open the input page in another window and run the program</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><img border="0" width="680" height="249" id= "image11.png" src="Annex32_Help_1.44_files/image021.gif" alt= "image" name="image11.png" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using an external RGB led, you’ll be able to directly control its color.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">You’ll see how the exchanges can be fast using AJAX exchanges. This program uses javascript embedded into the code. The javascript works with the function <b><span style= 'font-family:"Roboto Mono"'>XMLHttpRequest</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A good reference for this function is here <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLHttpRequest"><span style= 'color:#1155CC'>AJAX - Send a Request To a Server</span></a></p> <h4><a name="_wfr1t45llt5f"></a>OnEspNowMsg Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a ESP-NOW message is received.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff4" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.begin </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' init the ESP-NOW</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onEspNowMsg</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>message</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the place where jump in case of message reception</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> message:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"Message Received!"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_dnl2jj4kzlmx"></a>OnEspNowError Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This event is triggered when a ESP-NOW transmission error occurs.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This happens, in particular, when the receiver device has not received the message.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <table class="aff5" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.begin </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' init the ESP-NOW</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.add_peer</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"60:01:94:51:D0:7D"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the MAC address of the receiver</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onEspNowError</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>status</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' set the place where jump in case of TX error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> espnow.write</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"TX message"</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' send the message</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> status:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span> </b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"TX error on "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> espnow.error$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> </span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' print the error</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h4><a name="_40ic8lynm9y6"></a>OnMQTT Event</h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is generated when a MQTT message is received or an MQTT event happens</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p> <table class="aff6" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="714" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr style='height:59.0pt'> <td width="714" valign="top" style= 'width:535.5pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt;height:59.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> ....</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> onmqtt</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> mqtt_msg</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='margin-right:4.0pt'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> wait</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' receive messages from the server</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> mqtt_msg:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "TOPIC : "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mqtt.topic$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "MESSAGE: "</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'>;</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> mqtt.message$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-top:0cm;margin-right:4.0pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:4.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt'> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> return</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h4><a name="_898xaad10uuh"></a><a>OnPlay Event</a><a class= "msocomanchor" id="_anchor_5" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_5','_com_5')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_5')" href="start.htm#_msocom_5" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_5">[5]</a> </h4> <p class="MsoNormal">This event is generated when a “metadata” is decoded when playing mp3 or streaming a web radio.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_timhd9ftuj6w"></a>WiFI CONNECTIONS</h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>At startup, the module will try to connect to the router using any parameters specified in the page “<b>Config</b>”.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>If no parameters are specified in the “Config” page, or the connection is unsuccessful, it will default to AP (Access Point) mode with IP address 192.168.4.1 with the SSID composed of ESP(+ mac address).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>If the connection is successful, the module will use the IP address defined in the “Config” page or, if no IP address is specified, the IP will be given automatically by the Router DHCP server.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>After the module has connected to the router it will try to reconnect automatically if the connection is lost.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>There are several commands / functions available to manage the WIFI.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The first function is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>which permits to get the status of the connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>’ print 3 if connected, 6 if disconnected</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The first useful command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FF5500'> SSID$</span>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>password$</span> [, <span style='color:#FF5500'>BSSID$</span>] [, <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>IP$</span> , <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>MASK$</span> [, <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>GATEWAY$</span>]]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This command allows you to connect to any WIFI network (STA mode) overriding the parameters defined into the’ “Config” page. This function is async so the connection is done in background, while the program continues to run.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Is then possible to check the status of the connection using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "HOMENET"</span>, <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"MyPassword"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "connecting"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF'>While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.STATUS</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'><></span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>3<span style='color:fuchsia'><br /> </span> <span style='color:blue'>Print</span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"."</span><span style='color:fuchsia'><br /> </span> <span style='color:blue'>pause</span> 500<span style= 'color:fuchsia'><br /></span><span style= 'color:#8866FF'>wend</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using the optional parameter</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BSSID$</span></b><span style='color:#212121; background:white'>, will enable the connection to a specific WiFi access point.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The BSSID represents the MAC address of the WiFi access point (the router) and it is defined as 6 bytes in hex format separated by colon, i.e.</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>AA:BB:CC:12:34:56</span></b><span style='color:#212121;background:white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>For stand alone configuration or for ESP-NOW applications, there is another command that puts the module in AP mode.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.APMODE</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> SSID$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>password$</span> [, channel]</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>[, <span style='color:#FF5500'>IP$</span> , <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>MASK$</span>]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The result is immediate and the status can be checked using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> WIFI.MODE</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>(see below).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The channel is optional and is 1 by default.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>It is eventually possible to control the output power of the module with the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.POWER</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>pow</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.POWER</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>5</span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background:white'>’ set the output power at 5 dBm.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module can also be put in WiFi sleep mode. This mode permits to turn off the WiFi reducing the power requirements of the module; this is very useful for battery oriented applications or for applications where the WiFi is not required.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To put the module in “modem-sleep”, the command to execute is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.SLEEP</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The module will stay in that mode until the execution of the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.AWAKE</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">After this command, the module will reconnect automatically to the router (the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> is not required).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Another function available is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.CHANNEL</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>that shows the current Radio Channel used by the WIFI.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.RSSI</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>is it possible to get the intensity of the signal received (RSSI)</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>It is also possible to scan for the WiFi networks accessible around the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This can be done using the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.SCAN</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>and the function</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia; background:white'> WIFI.NETWORKS</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>network$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b><span style='color:#212121;background: white'>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>Example :</span><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue;background:white'>WIFI.SCAN</span></b><b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF;background:white'>While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia; background:white'> WIFI.NETWORKS</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121; background:white'>A$</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF;background:white'>)</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 112%;font-family:Consolas;color:red;background:white'> -</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121; background:white'>1<br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:#8866FF;background:white'>Wend</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'><br /> </span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue;background:white'>Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#212121;background:white'> a$</span></b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#212121;background:white'><br /> <br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The result will be :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Vodaphone, 00:50:56:C0:00:08, -50, 5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Orange, 00:50:56:C0:32:07, -70, 5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'>Xxxx, 00:50:56:C0:86:CA,-78, 12</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='border:none'><span style= 'color:#212121;background: white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>These information represent, in the order :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>SSID, BSSID(mac address), RSSI(signal intensity), Channel Radio</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia;background:white'> WIFI.MODE</span></b> returns the current mode of the WIFI connection as below:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'> </p> <table class="aff7" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="378" style= 'margin-left:67.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>VALUE</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#B7B7B7;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>MEANING</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>0</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in sleep mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>1</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in STATION mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>2</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI is in AP mode</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="87" valign="top" style= 'width:65.25pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>3</p> </td> <td width="291" valign="top" style= 'width:218.25pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style= 'text-align:center;line-height:normal'>The WIFI in AP+STA mode</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>The WIFI in <b>AP+STA</b> mode can be obtained by configuring the module in AP mode and then using the command</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>in the program.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Using a “fake” SSID / password (example</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "A"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>, <span style='color:#FFAA00'>""</span></span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121; background:white'>) can be used to switch the WIFI into the <b>AP+STA</b> mode. This can be useful for mixed ESP32 / ESP8266 ESP-NOW operations.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Another Wifi related command is</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> OPTION.MAC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> mac$</span></b> <span style='color:#212121;background:white'>that permits to modify the MAC address of the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>This is very important for the ESP Now functionality.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>Example :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> OPTION.MAC</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>In addition, the functions</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.SSID$</span></b> <span style= 'color: #212121;background:white'>and</span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.PASSWORD$</span></b> <span style= 'color:#212121;background:white'>returns respectively the login and the password used for the STATION wifi connection.</span></p> <h3><a name="_p6f75h2qe04w"></a>PROGRAM AUTORUN</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">If a program is defined to run automatically (“Autorun File” in the config page), the WiFi connection process is slightly different.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the option “Fast boot” in the config page is selected, the program will be executed immediately and the WiFi will be powered ON after a little delay ( 0.1 sec ).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> WIFI.SLEEP</span></b> is executed during the very beginning of the program ( for example as the first line of the program) the WiFi will be simply disabled without using any power.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This enhances the use of the module in low power applications (i.e. on battery).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The WiFi connection can then be restored later using the commands <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> WIFI.CONNECT</span></b> or <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> WIFI.APMODE</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the command WIFI.SLEEP is not executed at the beginning of the program, the WiFi connection will be established by default as described in the previous chapter (<b>WiFI CONNECTIONS</b>).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> BAS.RESETREASON</span></b> can be used at the beginning of the program to understand the reasons for the restart of the module enabling it to take the appropriate actions.</p> <h3><a name="_5wcniz9oi5js"></a>RECOVERY MODE</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">In case of any IP or Autorun problem preventing the module from being accessed, it is possible to temporarily bypass the IP settings of the module and disable the Autorun file by connecting the serial TX and RX pins together (GPIO1 to GPIO3) during the startup phase (power up).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This could happen if, for example, a wrong IP address has been set.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Doing this action when restarting the module will put it in AP mode with the IP address at 192.168.4.1, just like a module that has not been configured.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">A message “Recovery Mode” will be printed on the console, but none of the existing files on the module will be modified, including the internal configuration parameters.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this mode it will be possible to gain access to the module for changing such correct wrong IP parameters using the configuration page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When the TX/RX link is removed, the module can be rebooted to the configured settings at the next restart.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <h3><a name="_n13zr5291l92"></a>SLEEP mode (low energy) and RTC memory</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The module can be put into low energy mode to minimise as much as possible the power requirements.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This mode is called <b>deep sleep</b> and should reduce the power consumption to a few µA but this is a function of each ESP32 module as the power requirement includes the different components installed on the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When the module is put into deep sleep all the module activities are stopped, all the memory content of the module is lost except for the RTC memory (this is a special memory block inside the module that holds its content even if the module is reset, <u>but not when the module is powered OFF</u>).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><u>At the end of the sleep period, the module restarts and reloads the program defined as autorun from the beginning (from the first line).</u></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">To put the module in deep sleep the following command is available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> SLEEP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> value [, pin, level]</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This command puts the ESP32 in deep sleep (low energy) for 'value' seconds.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">At the end of the period, the unit will reboot and reload the default basic program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' Sleeps for 600 seconds (10 minutes)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Optionally, it is possible to wake up the module using an external signal sent on an input pin</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In this case the pin and the level must be specified in addition to the time value.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#99CC00'> ' Sleeps for 3600 seconds (1 Hour) or until the pin 32 goes to high</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue;background:white'> SLEEP</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;background:white'> 3600, 32, 1</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Only RTC IO can be used as a source for external wake up.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">They are pins: 0,2,4,12-15,25-27,32-39.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Level is 1 for wakeup on High and 0 for wakeup on Low</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The RTC memory will survive after the wake up permitting to take trace of the actions done before the sleep.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This memory can be set as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.RTCMEM$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'>=</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'><span style='color:#FFAA00'> "data to be saved during deep sleep"</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">And can be read as below :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> A$</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:red'> =</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> BAS.RTCMEM$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Note : the RTC memory can hold up to 7680 bytes</b></p> <h3><a name="_vldqd18y353d"></a>DATE - TIME timekeeper</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The ESP module normally synchronises its date and time from either of two NTP time servers ("pool.ntp.org" and "time.nist.gov"). Optionally an alternative (eg: intranet) time server can be defined using the [CONFIG] page.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Using these servers the ESP doesn’t require any date/time setting (except the configuration of the Time Zone and DST done using the [CONFIG] page).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The timezone is defined as a string like<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3</span></b> that describes how the local time must be managed in terms of time shift and DST (summer / winter time).</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#24292E; background:#F6F8FA'> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">A complete list of timezone strings can be found here : <a href= "https://github.com/nayarsystems/posix_tz_db/blob/master/zones.csv"> <span style= 'color:#1155CC'>https://github.com/nayarsystems/posix_tz_db/blob/master/zones.csv</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">An internal timekeeper has been included if no time server is available, e.g. no available internet access.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">This timekeeper starts from 01/01/1970 00:00:00 and counts the seconds since the power on of the module.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If internet connection becomes available later, the internal timekeeper will sync its time with the NTP servers.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The time can be sync with the NTP time server at any moment using the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'> OPTION.NTPSYNC.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">This time and date can be manually set using the command SETTIME.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The Syntax is :</p> <p class="MsoNormal">SETTIME year, month, day, hours, minutes, seconds</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Example</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Set the date to 02 September 2017 at 13:58:12</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> SETTIME</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>17, 9, 2, 13, 58, 12</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The time and date can also be manually synchronised to the computer using the "Time Sync" button in the File Manager window of the computer utility ‘tool’ if it has a websocket connection.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>WARNING:</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>In both cases of manual setting, the time and date will default back to 1970 defaults at the next module restart, so will require setting again.</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>For more information about the Time Zones and DST, please consult the following page :</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a href= "https://www.timeanddate.com/time/map/"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#1155CC'>Time Zone and DST</span></b></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>It is also possible to connect an RTC (DS1307 or DS3231) to the module.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>See the chapter “</span><a href="start.htm#_jke2f4rsdpp"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;color:#1155CC'>RTC Module</span></a><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%'>” for more details.</span></p> <h3><a name="_mgfkxea2ug82"></a>Unix Time functions</h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The following functions use the “Unix Time Stamp” format :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DATEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>date$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, <span style='color:fuchsia'>TIMEUNIX</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>time$<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span>, <span style='color:#FF5500'>UNIXDATE$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span>value [,format]<span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span><span style='color:blue'>,</span> <span style='color:#FF5500'>UNIXTIME$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span></span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>value</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>The “Unix Time Stamp” is a way to track time as a running total of seconds.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>This count starts at the Unix Epoch on January 1st, 1970 at UTC.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>Therefore, the unix time is merely the number of seconds between a particular date and the Unix Epoch.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>In synthesys :</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> DATEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"01/01/18"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns the number of seconds from 01/01/1970 to the specified date 01/01/2018 (1514764800)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> TIMEUNIX</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"12:30:55"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns the number of second since midnight (45055)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> UNIXDATE$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'>"1532773308"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>returns 28/07/18</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> UNIXTIME$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1532773308<span style='color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b> <span style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%'>returns 10:21:48</span></p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_1xglwjxpxzea"></a>FAT32 File System</h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Annex32 includes a FATFS file system hosted on the flash memory chip.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>It “emulates” a disk file system enabling it to save and load files in a transparent way.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Depending on the size of the flash chip, the following free space is available :</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="aff8" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>Flash Chip size</b></p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>Free space available</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 4M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a>1MB</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_6" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_6','_com_6')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_6')" href="start.htm#_msocom_6" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_6">[6]</a> 8M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 5MB</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="332" valign="top" style= 'width:249.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 16M</p> </td> <td width="386" valign="top" style= 'width:289.5pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> 13MB</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Annex32 can also use an SD CARD connected as described in the chapter SD CARD ADAPTER.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Both the internal FATFS and the SD CARD utilise the FAT32 file system</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>This means that there are no particular limitations in terms of filename length and directories, compared to the SPIFFS file system limitations hosted in the ESP8266.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Unlike normal variables, filenames and folders are case sensitive.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>Annex32 supports SD CARDS up to 16GB.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><u>The internal and the external (SDcard) space are mutually exclusive and cannot be accessed at the same time.</u></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><u>By default Annex32 will use the SD, if available, otherwise it will use the internal flash disk space (FATFS).</u></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'><b><i>Both the internal FATFS and external SD CARD share the same command and functions.</i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>All the file related functions share the same prefix <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>FILE.</span></b> followed by the specific function.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <table class="aff9" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>FUNCTIONS / COMMANDS</b></p> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style='text-align:center'> <b>DESCRIPTION</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node1" id="node1"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_wp4mob9htwc"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.COPY</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$, newfile$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Copy the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b> into the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>newfile$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node2" id="node2"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_3zn0w825ilrf"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.DELETE</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Delete the file specified by <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node3" id="node3"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_ju157i72n970"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.EXISTS</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> if <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b> exists, otherwise returns <b>0</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node4" id="node4"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_6wtqq64ynr51"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.RENAME</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>oldname$, newname$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Rename the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>oldname$</span></b> to <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>newname$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node5" id="node5"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_x2ot46avkz4n"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.SIZE</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns the size of the file (in bytes) if the file exist, otherwise returns -<b>1</b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node6" id="node6"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_z6l66wyqbmct"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.MKDIR</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>dirname$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Create a directory specified by <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> dirname$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node7" id="node7"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret <a name= "_8rsaavdj2yum"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:fuchsia'>FILE.RMDIR</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>dirname$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Remote the directory specified by <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>dirname$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns <b>1</b> in case of success or <b>0</b> if error</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node8" id="node8"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret$ <a name= "_4p3s0czen72x"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.DIR$</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>path$<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Will search for files and return the names of entries found.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>path$</span></b> represents the directory name.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>path$</span></b> can include wildcards characters as ‘<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>*</span></b>’, ‘<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>.</span></b>’ and ‘<b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>?</span></b>’</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The function will return the first entry found.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To retrieve subsequent entries use the function with no arguments. ie, <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.DIR$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The return of an empty string indicates that there are no more entries to retrieve.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node9" id="node9"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>Ret$ <a name= "_b3s9rn10n809"></a><span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.READ$</span><span style= 'color:blue'>(</span>filename$<span style='color:blue'>,</span> [line_num] | [start, length]<span style= 'color:blue'>)</span></span></b></h5> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Returns the content of the file <b><span style='font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'> filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Specifying <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>line_num</span></b>, only the corresponding line is read from the file.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>start</span></b> and <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>length</span></b> options are specified, the file is read from the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>start</span></b> position for <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>length</span></b> characters, otherwise the complete file is read in one go</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:normal'>The line number starts from 1.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_oo49piqecc91"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.APPEND</span></b> <a name="_a75wo3bltko"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'>filename$, content$</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Append the content of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>content$</span></b> to the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">If the file does not exist, it will be created.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The file can be read back using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.READ$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">File size is only limited by available disk space (internal FFAT or external SD card)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.SAVE</span></b> <a name="_5taaoo5m0ryb"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>filename$, content$</span></b></h5> <h5><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Save the content of <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>content$</span></b> to the file <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$</span></b>.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The file can be read back using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> FILE.READ$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>filename$<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">File size is only limited by available disk space (internal FFAT or external SD card)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="_cibnhhg525c7"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.WRITE</span></b> <b><span style='font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Consolas'>filename$, content$</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">Same functionalities as the previous command.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Implemented for homogeneity with other commands</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node10" id="node10"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.SAVE_IOBUFF<a name="_t0z8hhby3t0v"></a></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">See the chapter I/O buffer for more details</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_7" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_7','_com_7')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_7')" href="start.htm#_msocom_7" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_7">[7]</a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.WRITE_IOBUFF</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">See the chapter I/O buffer for more details</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a class="msocomanchor" id="_anchor_8" onmouseover= "msoCommentShow('_anchor_8','_com_8')" onmouseout= "msoCommentHide('_com_8')" href="start.htm#_msocom_8" language= "JavaScript" name="_msoanchor_8">[8]</a> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family: Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.APPEND_IOBUFF</span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">See the chapter I/O buffer for more details</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="270" valign="top" style= 'width:202.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt; border-top:none;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <h5><a name="node11" id="node11"></a><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>FILE.READ_IOBUFF<a name="_pa4c43bcan0c"></a></span></b></h5> </td> <td width="448" valign="top" style= 'width:336.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal">See the chapter I/O buffer for more details</p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">Examples:</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>List all the files in the directory <b><i>/html</i></b></p> <table class="affa" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>d$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.DIR$</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>(</span><span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>"/html"</span><span style= 'color:#2266FF'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> While</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'>D$ <span style='color:red'><></span> <span style= 'color:#FFAA00'>""</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'> <span style='color:blue'>wlog</span> d$</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas'> d$ <span style='color:red'>=</span> <span style= 'color:#FF5500'>FILE.DIR$</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#8866FF'> Wend</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'>File operations</p> <table class="affb" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="718" style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'> <tr> <td width="718" valign="top" style= 'width:538.7pt;border:solid black 3.0pt; background:#F3F3F3;padding:5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt 5.0pt'> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> file.save</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "The quick brown fox "</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "exists"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.exists</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> file.append</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "jumps over the lazy dog"</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "copy"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.copy</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "rename"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.rename</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "size"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.size</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/AAA.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "read"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FF5500'> file.read$</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/test.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style='line-height:112%'><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> wlog</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:#FFAA00'> "delete"</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>,</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family: Consolas;color:fuchsia'> file.delete</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#FFAA00'>"/BBB.bas"</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:112%;font-family:Consolas;color:#2266FF'>)</span></b></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" style='text-align:justify'> </p> <h3 style='text-align:justify'><a name="_d9dv884hg7ic"></a>I/O BUFFERS</h3> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O BUFFER is a functionality that gives the capability to hold and manage binary data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In short, the I/O buffer is a block of RAM memory that can be exchanged as a block or read and written byte per byte. It overcomes the limitation of strings, which are unable to include the character ASCII 0 (NUL).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It has a defined length and can be freely dimensioned and cleared.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">It can be used in the code using the <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF</span></b> keyword, and Annex exposes 5 I/O buffers numbered from 0 to 4.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffers can have any size within the limits of the free RAM memory available.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">The main goal of this functionality is to interface with all the functions that require exchanges using binary data.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">In the current implementation it can be used with :</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Files</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> Serial Ports</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> SPI</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> I2C</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style= 'margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt'>-<span style= 'font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span> UDP</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">As it is essentially a block of memory, the first command is <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, size<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b> that defines its size.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>buff_num</span></b> can span from 0 (first buffer) to 4 (last buffer)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'>size</span></b> can span from 0 to the maximum RAM memory available</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 1000<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style= 'color:#99CC00'>'dimension the I/O buffer 0 with 1000 bytes</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffer can be filled with a given set of data directly using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0, 10<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style= 'color:red'>=</span> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DIM(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>1, 5<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:red'>=</span> &h12, &hAA, &h50, &O377, &B10101010</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas'> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">As soon as the buffer is dimensioned, the given amount of RAM is reserved for the buffer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">When not required anymore, it can be removed with the command <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:blue'> IOBUFF.DESTROY(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example:</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> IOBUFF.DESTROY(</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>0<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'remove the buffer releasing the memory reserved</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b>Note : The I/O buffers are automatically removed each time the program is run.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">It is possible to know the size of the buffer using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas; color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.LEN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Example</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:Consolas;color:blue'> Print</span></b> <b><span style= 'font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.LEN</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num<span style='color:blue'>)</span> <span style='color:#99CC00'>'print the length of the buffer</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal">The I/O buffer can be read byte per byte using the function <b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:fuchsia'> IOBUFF.READ</span></b><b><span style= 'font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas;color:blue'>(</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Consolas'>buff_num, position<span style='color:blue'>)</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style= 'fo
